UGC NET English Literature December 2024 Question PaperPaper 1 & Paper 2 with Answer Key

50 questions with the answer key and explanations.

1. Question 1

   Based on the table above, what is the overall percentage of Karan?

   Students	Physics (100)	Chemistry (100)	Maths (100)	English (100)
   Radhika	90	85	95	98
   Karan	92	90	90	93
   Neeraj	86	82	75	77
   Priyanka	63	48	55	75
   Sujata	77	62	80	85
   Preeti	50	52	40	59

   Percentage of marks obtained by six students in Physics, Chemistry, Maths, and English.

   1. A92.25%
   2. B90.75%
   3. C91.5%
   4. D91.25%

   Answer: (D) 91.25%

   Explanation

   Karan's marks are 92, 90, 90, and 93. Total = 365 out of 400, so percentage = 365/400 x 100 = 91.25%.

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2. Question 2

   Based on the table above, what are the average marks obtained by the students with the four highest scores in Physics?

   Students	Physics (100)	Chemistry (100)	Maths (100)	English (100)
   Radhika	90	85	95	98
   Karan	92	90	90	93
   Neeraj	86	82	75	77
   Priyanka	63	48	55	75
   Sujata	77	62	80	85
   Preeti	50	52	40	59

   Percentage of marks obtained by six students in Physics, Chemistry, Maths, and English.

   1. A86.5
   2. B88.5
   3. C78
   4. D86.25

   Answer: (D) 86.25

   Explanation

   The four highest Physics scores are 92, 90, 86, and 77. Their sum is 345, and 345/4 = 86.25.

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3. Question 3

   Based on the table above, what is the percentage of Neeraj in his best three subjects?

   Students	Physics (100)	Chemistry (100)	Maths (100)	English (100)
   Radhika	90	85	95	98
   Karan	92	90	90	93
   Neeraj	86	82	75	77
   Priyanka	63	48	55	75
   Sujata	77	62	80	85
   Preeti	50	52	40	59

   Percentage of marks obtained by six students in Physics, Chemistry, Maths, and English.

   1. A80%
   2. B81.66%
   3. C81.33%
   4. D80.66%

   Answer: (B) 81.66%

   Explanation

   Neeraj's best three scores are 86, 82, and 77. Their sum is 245 out of 300, so the percentage is 245/300 x 100 = 81.66% (approximately).

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4. Question 4

   Based on the table above, which of the following received the highest aggregate marks in all the four subjects?

   Students	Physics (100)	Chemistry (100)	Maths (100)	English (100)
   Radhika	90	85	95	98
   Karan	92	90	90	93
   Neeraj	86	82	75	77
   Priyanka	63	48	55	75
   Sujata	77	62	80	85
   Preeti	50	52	40	59

   Percentage of marks obtained by six students in Physics, Chemistry, Maths, and English.

   1. ARadhika
   2. BKaran
   3. CNeeraj
   4. DSujata

   Answer: (A) Radhika

   Explanation

   Radhika's total is 90 + 85 + 95 + 98 = 368, which is higher than Karan's 365 and everyone else's total.

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5. Question 5

   Based on the table above, which of the following pair of students has the smallest ratio between the Physics marks scored by them?

   Students	Physics (100)	Chemistry (100)	Maths (100)	English (100)
   Radhika	90	85	95	98
   Karan	92	90	90	93
   Neeraj	86	82	75	77
   Priyanka	63	48	55	75
   Sujata	77	62	80	85
   Preeti	50	52	40	59

   Percentage of marks obtained by six students in Physics, Chemistry, Maths, and English.

   1. ARadhika : Karan
   2. BNeeraj : Karan
   3. CSujata : Neeraj
   4. DPriyanka : Sujata

   Answer: (D) Priyanka : Sujata

   Explanation

   Physics ratios are 90:92, 86:92, 77:86, and 63:77. The smallest value is 63/77, so the pair is Priyanka : Sujata.

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6. Question 6

   Identify the fallacy in the following argument:

   'Alan is tall, dark and handsome and has blue eyes. Bill is also tall, dark and handsome. Therefore, Bill probably has blue eyes too.'

   1. AInconsistency
   2. BWeak analogy
   3. CSlippery slope
   4. DHasty Generalization

   Answer: (B) Weak analogy

   Explanation

   The conclusion is based on a superficial similarity between Alan and Bill. That makes it a weak analogy, not a valid inference about Bill's eye colour.

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7. Question 7

   In the context of communication, the acronym SITE is:

   1. ASatellite Instructional Television Education
   2. BScience Instructional Television Education
   3. CScience Instructional Television Experiment
   4. DSatellite Instructional Television Experiment

   Answer: (D) Satellite Instructional Television Experiment

   Explanation

   SITE refers to Satellite Instructional Television Experiment, the major Indian satellite-based educational broadcasting experiment.

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8. Question 8

   Suppose a man swims 12 km upstream and 20 km downstream in a river in 4 hours. If he swims 18 km upstream and 10 km downstream also in 4 hours, then what is the speed at which he swims in still water?

   1. A4 km/hr
   2. B6 km/hr
   3. C8 km/hr
   4. D10 km/hr

   Answer: (C) 8 km/hr

   Explanation

   Let upstream speed = u and downstream speed = d. Then 12/u + 20/d = 4 and 18/u + 10/d = 4. Solving gives u = 6 and d = 10, so still-water speed = (u + d)/2 = 8 km/hr.

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9. Question 9

   When was the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) started in India?

   1. A2008
   2. B1991
   3. C2006
   4. D2014

   Answer: (C) 2006

   Explanation

   NeGP was launched in 2006 to make government services accessible electronically.

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10. Question 10

    Acronym HTTPS stands for:

    1. AHyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
    2. BHyper Terminal Telephonic Pairty Self
    3. CHyper Terminal Telephonic Pairty Secure
    4. DHyper Terminal Telephonic Pairty Service

    Answer: (A) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

    Explanation

    The correct expansion is Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure. The source page's chosen option appears incorrect here, so the answer is corrected.

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11. Question 11

    According to Jaina philosophy, which among the following is not a form of indirect knowledge?

    1. ASmriti
    2. BPratyabhijna
    3. CTarka
    4. DNaya

    Answer: (D) Naya

    Explanation

    In the classical classification used in this context, Smriti, Pratyabhijna, and Tarka are treated under indirect cognition, whereas Naya is a standpoint or mode of description, not a form of indirect knowledge.

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12. Question 12

    Identify the most favourable conditions for the dispersion and dilution of air pollutants in the atmosphere.

    1. ACold winter nights
    2. BSunny winter evenings
    3. CHot sunny summer afternoons
    4. DEarly mornings during summer

    Answer: (C) Hot sunny summer afternoons

    Explanation

    Strong surface heating creates convection and vertical mixing, so hot sunny summer afternoons provide the best dispersion conditions.

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13. Question 13

    Arrange the following major industrial disasters in correct chronological order.

    • A. Bhopal Gas Tragedy
    • B. Seveso Disaster
    • C. Deepwater Horizon oil spill
    • D. Soma Mine Disaster
    1. AA, B, C, D
    2. BB, A, C, D
    3. CC, D, A, B
    4. DD, A, B, C

    Answer: (B) B, A, C, D

    Explanation

    Seveso occurred in 1976, Bhopal in 1984, Deepwater Horizon in 2010, and Soma Mine in 2014. So the correct order is B, A, C, D.

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14. Question 14

    Which of the following sequence in the development of interest in a subject by a learner is appropriate?

    • A. Well-developed individual interest
    • B. Situational interest triggered
    • C. Emerging individual interest
    • D. Situational interest maintained
    1. AA, D, B, C
    2. BC, D, B, A
    3. CC, B, A, D
    4. DB, D, C, A

    Answer: (D) B, D, C, A

    Explanation

    According to the four-phase model of interest development, the order is triggered situational interest -> maintained situational interest -> emerging individual interest -> well-developed individual interest.

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15. Question 15

    Consider the following argument and pick the correct answer:

    'All four-legged creatures have wings. All spiders have exactly four legs. Therefore, all spiders have wings.'

    1. AValid argument; true premises, true conclusion
    2. BValid argument; false premises, false conclusion
    3. CInvalid argument; true premises, true conclusion
    4. DInvalid argument; true premises, false conclusion

    Answer: (B) Valid argument; false premises, false conclusion

    Explanation

    The argument form is valid: if both premises were true, the conclusion would follow. But both premises are false, and the conclusion is also false. So the correct answer is valid argument; false premises, false conclusion.

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16. Question 16

    In the context of computer networking, the acronym MVNO stands for:

    1. AMobile Virtual Network Operator
    2. BMultimedia Virtual Network Operation
    3. CMultimedia Voice Noise Operation
    4. DMultimedia Voice Noise Operator

    Answer: (A) Mobile Virtual Network Operator

    Explanation

    MVNO expands to Mobile Virtual Network Operator. The source page's chosen option is incorrect and has been corrected.

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17. Question 17

    Arrange the four theories of the press in the correct order of theories.

    • A. Soviet Theory
    • B. Authoritarian Theory
    • C. Libertarian Theory
    • D. Social Responsibility Theory
    1. AC, B, A, D
    2. BB, C, D, A
    3. CB, A, C, D
    4. DB, C, A, D

    Answer: (C) B, A, C, D

    Explanation

    A standard sequence used in mass communication notes places the theories as Authoritarian -> Soviet -> Libertarian -> Social Responsibility, so the correct order is B, A, C, D.

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18. Question 18

    The average of the ages of three persons A, B, and C is 45 years and the average age of A, C, and D is 51 years. If the age of D is 56 years, what is the age of B?

    1. A35 years
    2. B38 years
    3. C36 years
    4. D36.5 years

    Answer: (B) 38 years

    Explanation

    A + B + C = 135 and A + C + D = 153. Since D = 56, A + C = 97. Therefore B = 135 - 97 = 38 years.

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19. Question 19

    If taken seriously, the most important benefit of correctly carried out evaluation can ensure:

    • A. Decision about progression of students
    • B. Improved teaching
    • C. Improved learning
    • D. Categorising students on the basis of their achievements
    1. AC and D only
    2. BA and C only
    3. CB and D only
    4. DB and C only

    Answer: (D) B and C only

    Explanation

    The most central educational benefits of good evaluation are improved teaching and improved learning. So the correct combination is B and C only.

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20. Question 20

    WiMAX stands for:

    1. AWorld Wide interoperability for Microwave Access
    2. BWeb interoperability for Microwave Access
    3. CWorld Wide interoperation for Microwave Access
    4. DWorld Wide interoperability for Multimedia Access

    Answer: (A) World Wide interoperability for Microwave Access

    Explanation

    WiMAX expands to Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. The source-marked option appears incorrect, so the answer is corrected.

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21. Question 21

    Identify the benefits of biodiversity.

    • A. Contribution to human food supplies
    • B. Providing important medicines
    • C. Supporting ecosystem stability
    • D. Aesthetic and cultural value
    1. AA, B and C only
    2. BB, C and D only
    3. CA, B and D only
    4. DA, B, C and D

    Answer: (D) A, B, C and D

    Explanation

    All four listed points are genuine benefits of biodiversity, so the correct answer is A, B, C and D.

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22. Question 22

    When students encounter difficulties in class, the teacher should not:

    1. AGive frequent opportunities to them to respond in classroom
    2. BReduce the task, without over-simplifying it
    3. CEmphasize on the future and problems of failure
    4. DTeach some useful learning strategies

    Answer: (C) Emphasize on the future and problems of failure

    Explanation

    Teachers should support students constructively. Emphasizing failure and its future consequences is the one thing they should not do.

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23. Question 23

    Informal experimental designs are:

    • A. Factorial designs
    • B. Before-and-after without control design
    • C. After-only with control design
    • D. Randomized block design
    • E. Before-and-after with control design
    1. AA, C, D only
    2. BB, C only
    3. CD, E only
    4. DB, C, E only

    Answer: (D) B, C, E only

    Explanation

    The informal designs here are before-and-after without control, after-only with control, and before-and-after with control. Factorial and randomized block designs are formal designs.

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24. Question 24

    Match the following using the table above.

    Computer Security Term	Description
    A. Eavesdropping	I. Looks like a legitimate software
    B. Snooping	II. Just hacks the system for the fun of it
    C. Grey hat hacker	III. Process of secret capture
    D. Trojan	IV. An unauthorised real time interception

    Computer security terms and descriptions.

    1. AA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
    2. BA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    3. CA-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
    4. DA-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

    Answer: (A) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

    Explanation

    Eavesdropping -> unauthorised real-time interception (IV), Snooping -> process of secret capture (III), Grey hat hacker -> hacks for the fun of it (II), and Trojan -> looks like legitimate software (I). The source-marked choice appears incorrect, so the answer is corrected.

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25. Question 25

    Ethical and moral values that students should acquire through education involve:

    • A. Patriotism
    • B. Sacrifice
    • C. Intellectual vigour
    • D. Equality
    • E. Fraternity
    1. AB and C only
    2. BA and B only
    3. CA and C only
    4. DA, B, D and E only

    Answer: (D) A, B, D and E only

    Explanation

    The moral and civic values in the list are patriotism, sacrifice, equality, and fraternity. Intellectual vigour is desirable, but it is not primarily a moral value here.

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26. Question 26

    Which of the following is not a basic postulate with regard to scientific method?

    1. AIts methodology is made known to all concerned for critical scrutiny.
    2. BIt utilizes relevant concepts.
    3. CIt is not committed to only objective considerations.
    4. DIt aims at formulating most general axioms or what can be termed as scientific theories.

    Answer: (C) It is not committed to only objective considerations.

    Explanation

    Scientific method is committed to objectivity. Therefore the statement saying it is not committed to objective considerations is the one that is not a valid postulate.

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27. Question 27

    Lecture method shall be selected for a class if:

    • A. Teacher is a good orator
    • B. All students are above average
    • C. Curricular objectives demand so
    • D. Students request the teacher to do so
    1. AA only
    2. BC only
    3. CA and C only
    4. DC and D only

    Answer: (B) C only

    Explanation

    Teaching method should be selected according to curricular objectives, not merely because of student request or the teacher's speaking ability.

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28. Question 28

    Deliberate Sampling is also known as:

    1. ASnow ball Sampling
    2. BPurposive or Probability Sampling
    3. CQuota Sampling
    4. DPurposive or Non-Probability Sampling

    Answer: (D) Purposive or Non-Probability Sampling

    Explanation

    Deliberate sampling is another name for purposive sampling, which falls under non-probability sampling.

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29. Question 29

    'Thumbs up' is a kind of ______ communication.

    1. AVerbal
    2. BNon-Verbal
    3. CTranspersonal
    4. DIntrapersonal

    Answer: (B) Non-Verbal

    Explanation

    A thumbs-up gesture is a form of non-verbal communication.

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30. Question 30

    A fourth proportional to st^5, s^2 t^3, s^3 t^2 (where s and t are non-zero) is:

    1. As
    2. Bs^2
    3. Cs^3
    4. Ds^4

    Answer: (D) s^4

    Explanation

    If a : b = c : d, then d = bc/a. So the fourth proportional is (s^2 t^3 x s^3 t^2) / (s t^5) = s^4. The source-marked choice appears incorrect here, so the answer is corrected.

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31. Question 31

    Who among the following holds that Indriya is not a physiological organ but a peculiar capacity of the organ?

    1. ABuddhists
    2. BMimamsakas
    3. CNaiyayikas
    4. DVedantins

    Answer: (B) Mimamsakas

    Explanation

    This view is associated with the Mimamsakas, who treat indriya as a specific functional capacity rather than merely the gross bodily organ. The source-marked answer appears incorrect and has been corrected.

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32. Question 32

    Environmental education does not consist of:

    1. AClimate change
    2. BEconomic disparity in society
    3. CConsumption of resources
    4. DEnvironmental degradation

    Answer: (B) Economic disparity in society

    Explanation

    Climate change, resource use, and environmental degradation are direct environmental themes. Economic disparity in society is broader social content, not the direct focus here.

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33. Question 33

    Which of the following are correct?

    • A. UGC frames regulations and sets minimum standards of education
    • B. NAAC ensures quality and accreditation
    • C. HEFA provides grant-in-aid to higher education institutions
    • D. NIRF ranks Indian institutions
    1. AB only
    2. BD only
    3. CA, B and D only
    4. DB, C and D only

    Answer: (C) A, B and D only

    Explanation

    UGC sets standards, NAAC handles accreditation, and NIRF ranks institutions. HEFA mainly provides financing support rather than ordinary grant-in-aid, so C is not correct.

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34. Question 34

    Which of the following are correct claims in the light of stipulative definitions?

    A. A stipulative definition is always either true or false

    B. A stipulative definition is a proposal or a request or a resolution to use the definiendum to mean what is meant by definiens

    C. A stipulative definition is informative and not directive

    D. Naming the number 10^100 as 'googol' is a stipulation

    1. AA and C only
    2. BB and C only
    3. CC and D only
    4. DB and D only

    Answer: (D) B and D only

    Explanation

    A stipulative definition is directive, not truth-evaluable in the ordinary way. So B and D are the correct claims.

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35. Question 35

    Which of the following cities is often referred to as a model sustainable city in modern texts?

    1. AMexico City
    2. BMumbai
    3. CCuritiba
    4. DShanghai

    Answer: (C) Curitiba

    Explanation

    Curitiba is widely cited as a model of sustainable urban planning because of its integrated transport, land use, and environmental policies. The source-marked answer appears incorrect and has been corrected.

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36. Question 36

    The tenth term in the following sequence is: 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, ...

    1. A155
    2. B175
    3. C285
    4. D385

    Answer: (D) 385

    Explanation

    The successive differences are 4, 9, 16, 25, i.e. squares 2^2, 3^2, 4^2, 5^2. Continuing with 6^2, 7^2, 8^2, 9^2 gives terms 91, 140, 204, 285, and 385 as the 10th term.

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37. Question 37

    Match the following using the table above.

    Classroom Communication Technology	Meaning
    A. Interactive White Board	I. Remote communication with students
    B. Video conferencing	II. Visual and interactive tool for teaching
    C. Learning Management System	III. Display visual content in the class
    D. Projector	IV. Organising and delivering course content like video lectures and text

    Classroom communication technologies and meanings.

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
    2. BA-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
    3. CA-II, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    4. DA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Answer: (D) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Explanation

    Interactive White Board -> visual and interactive tool (II), Video conferencing -> remote communication (I), Learning Management System -> organising and delivering course content (IV), Projector -> display visual content in class (III). The source-marked answer appears incorrect and has been corrected.

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38. Question 38

    Which of the following are not referencing styles?

    • A. Harvard referencing style
    • B. Oxford referencing style
    • C. Cambridge referencing style
    • D. New York referencing style
    • E. Vancouver referencing style
    1. AC and D only
    2. BC, D and E only
    3. CD and E only
    4. DB and C only

    Answer: (A) C and D only

    Explanation

    Harvard, Oxford, and Vancouver are recognised referencing styles. Cambridge and New York are not standard referencing styles in this context.

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39. Question 39

    How can psychological barrier affect classroom communication?

    1. AThey facilitate mutual understanding
    2. BThey create bias in the interpretation of the meaning of the message
    3. CThey make messages clearer
    4. DThey eliminate misunderstanding

    Answer: (B) They create bias in the interpretation of the meaning of the message

    Explanation

    Psychological barriers distort understanding by introducing bias, emotion, or prejudice into the interpretation of messages.

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40. Question 40

    The Paris Agreement envisages pursuing efforts to limit global warming this century to how many degree Celsius above the pre-industrial levels of global average temperature?

    1. A0.5° C
    2. B1° C
    3. C1.5° C
    4. D2.5° C

    Answer: (C) 1.5° C

    Explanation

    The Paris Agreement seeks to hold warming well below 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

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41. Question 41

    What is the next letter in the following sequence? B, D, G, K, P, V, C

    1. AK
    2. BI
    3. CM
    4. DN

    Answer: (A) K

    Explanation

    The jumps are +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 around the alphabet. After C, adding 8 gives K.

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42. Question 42

    Match the following using the table above.

    Institution	Associated Feature
    A. Nalanda	I. Chanakya
    B. Takshashila	II. Admission with entrance examination
    C. Vikramashila	III. Well furnished library
    D. Nagarjuna Vidyapith	IV. Only for Buddhist monks

    Institutions and associated features.

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
    3. CA-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
    4. DA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Answer: (C) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

    Explanation

    Nalanda -> admission with entrance examination (II), Takshashila -> Chanakya (I), Vikramashila -> well furnished library (III), and Nagarjuna Vidyapith -> only for Buddhist monks (IV).

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43. Question 43

    Skills to face job interviews and getting employed are part of:

    1. ALivelihood skill
    2. BLife skill
    3. CSoft skill
    4. DLearning skill

    Answer: (C) Soft skill

    Explanation

    Interview handling, employability, communication, and professional presentation are grouped under soft skills. The source-marked answer appears incorrect and has been corrected.

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44. Question 44

    Based on the passage above, the word 'apprentice' implies:

    Handicraft is about processing materials by hand with hand tools. The results can be helpful things or decorative things. The materials utilized in the product are natural, industrially processed or may be recycled. The models of the product are ancient, revised traditional and fashionable. Handicraft is deeply rooted in society and contributes to the idea of preserving and perpetuating traditions. In their product, crafters transfer an area of their cultural heritage in ideas, forms, materials and work ways, similarly as their own values, philosophy of life, fashion and self-image. Crafts people, also known as artisans, possess technical data of materials and work ways. They are skilled employees whose profession relies on manual skills. Handicrafts contain plenty of implicit data which grows every year along with skills. The order and apprentice system has been widely used to transfer skills and implicit data.

    1. ACarpenter
    2. BPlumber
    3. CTrainee
    4. DArtist

    Answer: (C) Trainee

    Explanation

    An apprentice is a learner or trainee who acquires skills under guidance. The passage uses it in that sense.

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45. Question 45

    Based on the passage above, identify the central theme of the passage.

    Handicraft is about processing materials by hand with hand tools. The results can be helpful things or decorative things. The materials utilized in the product are natural, industrially processed or may be recycled. The models of the product are ancient, revised traditional and fashionable. Handicraft is deeply rooted in society and contributes to the idea of preserving and perpetuating traditions. In their product, crafters transfer an area of their cultural heritage in ideas, forms, materials and work ways, similarly as their own values, philosophy of life, fashion and self-image. Crafts people, also known as artisans, possess technical data of materials and work ways. They are skilled employees whose profession relies on manual skills. Handicrafts contain plenty of implicit data which grows every year along with skills. The order and apprentice system has been widely used to transfer skills and implicit data.

    1. AInventions of India
    2. BCreations and designs of India
    3. CArchitecture of India
    4. DHandicrafts of India

    Answer: (D) Handicrafts of India

    Explanation

    The whole passage explains the meaning, cultural role, materials, and skill transmission involved in handicrafts, so that is the central theme.

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46. Question 46

    Based on the passage above, pick the statement which is not true.

    Handicraft is about processing materials by hand with hand tools. The results can be helpful things or decorative things. The materials utilized in the product are natural, industrially processed or may be recycled. The models of the product are ancient, revised traditional and fashionable. Handicraft is deeply rooted in society and contributes to the idea of preserving and perpetuating traditions. In their product, crafters transfer an area of their cultural heritage in ideas, forms, materials and work ways, similarly as their own values, philosophy of life, fashion and self-image. Crafts people, also known as artisans, possess technical data of materials and work ways. They are skilled employees whose profession relies on manual skills. Handicrafts contain plenty of implicit data which grows every year along with skills. The order and apprentice system has been widely used to transfer skills and implicit data.

    1. ACraftsmen transfer their values and philosophy of life
    2. BThere is no implicit data in craftsmanship
    3. CThe materials utilized for the crafts may be recycled
    4. DThe models prepared by craftsmen can be fashionable

    Answer: (B) There is no implicit data in craftsmanship

    Explanation

    The passage explicitly states that handicrafts contain plenty of implicit data, so the statement saying there is no implicit data is false.

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47. Question 47

    Based on the passage above, the importance behind the idea of crafts is:

    Handicraft is about processing materials by hand with hand tools. The results can be helpful things or decorative things. The materials utilized in the product are natural, industrially processed or may be recycled. The models of the product are ancient, revised traditional and fashionable. Handicraft is deeply rooted in society and contributes to the idea of preserving and perpetuating traditions. In their product, crafters transfer an area of their cultural heritage in ideas, forms, materials and work ways, similarly as their own values, philosophy of life, fashion and self-image. Crafts people, also known as artisans, possess technical data of materials and work ways. They are skilled employees whose profession relies on manual skills. Handicrafts contain plenty of implicit data which grows every year along with skills. The order and apprentice system has been widely used to transfer skills and implicit data.

    1. AGainful employment
    2. BTo make new products
    3. CTo preserve the tradition
    4. DTo spend quality time

    Answer: (C) To preserve the tradition

    Explanation

    The passage says handicraft contributes to the idea of preserving and perpetuating traditions.

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48. Question 48

    Based on the passage above, the materials used in the products are:

    Handicraft is about processing materials by hand with hand tools. The results can be helpful things or decorative things. The materials utilized in the product are natural, industrially processed or may be recycled. The models of the product are ancient, revised traditional and fashionable. Handicraft is deeply rooted in society and contributes to the idea of preserving and perpetuating traditions. In their product, crafters transfer an area of their cultural heritage in ideas, forms, materials and work ways, similarly as their own values, philosophy of life, fashion and self-image. Crafts people, also known as artisans, possess technical data of materials and work ways. They are skilled employees whose profession relies on manual skills. Handicrafts contain plenty of implicit data which grows every year along with skills. The order and apprentice system has been widely used to transfer skills and implicit data.

    1. ANatural only
    2. BIndustrially processed and natural only
    3. CRecyclable and natural only
    4. DNatural, recyclable and industrially processed

    Answer: (D) Natural, recyclable and industrially processed

    Explanation

    The passage states that the materials may be natural, industrially processed, or recycled, so the most complete option is Natural, recyclable and industrially processed.

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49. Question 49

    Match the following using the table above.

    Type of Sampling	Meaning
    A. Stratified Sampling	I. Select every i-th item on a list
    B. Probability Sampling	II. Population is divided into several sub-populations that are individually more homogeneous
    C. Systematic Sampling	III. Every item of the universe has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample
    D. Non-probability Sampling	IV. Procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population has a chance of being included in the sample

    Types of sampling and their meanings.

    1. AA-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
    2. BA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    3. CA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
    4. DA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

    Answer: (C) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

    Explanation

    Stratified sampling divides the population into homogeneous sub-groups (II), probability sampling gives each unit an equal chance (III), systematic sampling selects every i-th item (I), and non-probability sampling lacks a probability basis (IV).

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50. Question 50

    Match the following using the table above.

    Platform / Term	Description
    A. SWAYAM	I. L.M.S.
    B. Moodle	II. O.E.R.
    C. Open access	III. Scopus
    D. h-index	IV. MOOCs

    Educational platforms and related descriptions.

    1. AA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
    2. BA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
    4. DA-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

    Answer: (A) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

    Explanation

    SWAYAM -> MOOCs (IV), Moodle -> LMS (I), Open access -> OER (II), and h-index -> Scopus (III).

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97 questions with the answer key and explanations.

1. Question 1

   When was 'International Phonetic Alphabet' (IPA) developed and promulgated?

   1. A1868
   2. B1878
   3. C1888
   4. D1978

   Answer: (C) 1888

   Explanation

   The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was developed and promulgated in 1888. It is a standardized system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, designed to represent the sounds of spoken language.

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2. Question 2

   Who among the following illustrated the works of Thomas Gray and Robert Blair?

   1. AThomas Percy
   2. BWilliam Blake
   3. CRobert Burns
   4. DWilliam Cowper

   Answer: (B) William Blake

   Explanation

   William Blake illustrated the works of Thomas Gray and Robert Blair. Blake was not only a poet but also a renowned visual artist and illustrator. He created illustrations for Gray's poems and Blair's 'The Grave' (1808), showcasing his unique artistic vision.

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3. Question 3

   The first folio of Shakespeare's plays appeared in:

   1. A1664
   2. B1650
   3. C1631
   4. D1623

   Answer: (D) 1623

   Explanation

   The First Folio of Shakespeare's plays was published in 1623, seven years after Shakespeare's death. Officially titled 'Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies,' it was compiled by John Heminges and Henry Condell, fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare. It contains 36 of Shakespeare's plays.

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4. Question 4

   Who among the following is credited with ending the system of patronage with his "Letter to Lord Chesterfield"?

   1. ABishop Berkeley
   2. BSamuel Johnson
   3. CEdmund Burke
   4. DHorace Walpole

   Answer: (B) Samuel Johnson

   Explanation

   Samuel Johnson is credited with ending the patronage system with his famous 'Letter to Lord Chesterfield' (1755). After Lord Chesterfield had neglected to support Johnson during the seven years he worked on his Dictionary, but later wanted to be associated with its success, Johnson wrote a pointed letter rejecting his patronage. This marked a turning point in literary history, asserting the independence of writers from aristocratic patrons.

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5. Question 5

   "There is nothing outside the text" is a statement by:

   1. AVictor Shklovsky
   2. BJacques Derrida
   3. CRoland Barthes
   4. DFerdinand de Saussure

   Answer: (B) Jacques Derrida

   Explanation

   This famous statement 'There is nothing outside the text' (or 'Il n'y a pas de hors-texte') is by Jacques Derrida, the French philosopher and founder of deconstruction. This concept from his work 'Of Grammatology' (1967) suggests that meaning is always mediated through language and textuality, challenging traditional notions of fixed meaning and stable reference points outside of textual systems.

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6. Question 6

   In which year was Raja Rao's Kanthapura published?

   1. A1938
   2. B1960
   3. C1965
   4. D1947

   Answer: (A) 1938

   Explanation

   Raja Rao's 'Kanthapura' was published in 1938. It is considered one of the earliest major novels in Indian English literature. The novel depicts India's independence movement through the eyes of a small South Indian village, blending Gandhian philosophy with traditional Indian storytelling techniques. The novel is notable for its innovative use of Indian English and oral narrative style.

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7. Question 7

   The Grammar Translation Method in English Language Teaching stresses on:

   1. AFluency
   2. BAccuracy
   3. CAppropriateness
   4. DListening Skill

   Answer: (B) Accuracy

   Explanation

   The Grammar Translation Method emphasizes accuracy over fluency. This traditional method focuses on translating texts between the target language and native language, studying grammatical rules explicitly, and achieving precise understanding and production of language forms. It prioritizes correct grammar and accurate translation rather than communicative competence or fluency.

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8. Question 8

   Who amongst the following was not a member of the Bloomsbury Group?

   1. AVirginia Woolf
   2. BE. M. Forster
   3. CLytton Strachey
   4. DW. B. Yeats

   Answer: (D) W. B. Yeats

   Explanation

   W. B. Yeats was not a member of the Bloomsbury Group. The Bloomsbury Group was an influential circle of English writers, intellectuals, philosophers, and artists who met regularly in the Bloomsbury area of London in the early 20th century. Members included Virginia Woolf, E. M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, John Maynard Keynes, and others. W. B. Yeats, though a contemporary, was an Irish poet associated with the Irish Literary Revival, not the Bloomsbury Group.

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9. Question 9

   What does deductive method of reasoning refer to?

   1. AFrom general to particular
   2. BFrom particular to general
   3. CFrom linear to circular
   4. DFrom circular to linear

   Answer: (A) From general to particular

   Explanation

   Deductive reasoning moves from general principles to particular instances. It starts with a general theory or hypothesis and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion. For example: All humans are mortal (general) → Socrates is human → Therefore, Socrates is mortal (particular). This is opposed to inductive reasoning, which moves from particular observations to broader generalizations.

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10. Question 10

    Which of the following is a Dramatic Monologue?

    1. A"The Cannonization"
    2. B"Tintern Abbey"
    3. C"Andrea del Sarto"
    4. D"The Flea"

    Answer: (C) "Andrea del Sarto"

    Explanation

    'Andrea del Sarto' by Robert Browning is a dramatic monologue. A dramatic monologue is a poem in which a single character speaks to a silent listener, revealing their personality through their speech. Browning perfected this form. 'Andrea del Sarto' (1855) features the Renaissance painter speaking to his wife Lucrezia, revealing his artistic frustrations and personal disappointments. The other options are not dramatic monologues: 'The Cannonization' and 'The Flea' are metaphysical poems by John Donne, and 'Tintern Abbey' is a reflective lyric by Wordsworth.

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11. Question 11

    Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing is a:

    1. ATragi Comedy
    2. BRomantic Comedy
    3. CPastoral Play
    4. DHistory Play

    Answer: (B) Romantic Comedy

    Explanation

    Much Ado About Nothing is classified as a Romantic Comedy, featuring the witty courtship of Beatrice and Benedick alongside the troubled romance of Hero and Claudio. The play combines humor, romance, and social commentary typical of Shakespeare's comedies.

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12. Question 12

    Which among the following is the last novel of George Eliot?

    1. AMiddlemarch
    2. BDaniel Deronda
    3. CSilas Marner
    4. DThe Mill on the Floss

    Answer: (B) Daniel Deronda

    Explanation

    Daniel Deronda (1876) was George Eliot's last completed novel. This work explores themes of identity, nationalism, and Jewish culture through the parallel stories of Gwendolen Harleth and Daniel Deronda, marking a departure from her earlier provincial English settings.

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13. Question 13

    Who among the following has written the poem, "Jejuri"?

    1. AMichael Madhusudan Dutt
    2. BKamla Das
    3. CArun Kolatkar
    4. DToru Dutt

    Answer: (C) Arun Kolatkar

    Explanation

    Arun Kolatkar wrote 'Jejuri' (1976), a groundbreaking collection of poems about a pilgrimage to a temple town in Maharashtra. The work is celebrated for its minimalist style, ironic perspective, and innovative use of Indian English, winning the Commonwealth Poetry Prize.

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14. Question 14

    Who has written The Life Divine?

    1. ADante
    2. BEmerson
    3. CSri Aurobindo
    4. DJayant Mahapatra

    Answer: (C) Sri Aurobindo

    Explanation

    Sri Aurobindo wrote 'The Life Divine', a comprehensive philosophical work on spiritual evolution and integral yoga. Published between 1914-1919, it synthesizes Eastern and Western philosophy to present a vision of human evolution toward divine consciousness.

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15. Question 15

    Which of the following texts has been written by Rabindranath Tagore?

    1. ATiger-Claw
    2. BChandalika
    3. CA Touch of Brightness
    4. DImage Breakers

    Answer: (B) Chandalika

    Explanation

    Chandalika is a dance drama written by Rabindranath Tagore in 1933, based on a Buddhist tale from the Pali canon. It tells the story of Prakriti, an untouchable girl who is transformed by Buddha's request for water, exploring themes of caste, dignity, and spiritual awakening.

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16. Question 16

    Langston Hughes' poem "I too Sing America" is a response to which of the following poets?

    1. AHerman Melville
    2. BWalt Whitman
    3. CHenry David Thoreau
    4. DEmily Dickinson

    Answer: (B) Walt Whitman

    Explanation

    Hughes' poem responds to Walt Whitman's 'I Hear America Singing', asserting African American identity and equality. Written in 1926, Hughes reclaims Whitman's democratic vision while challenging the racial exclusion of Black Americans, declaring 'I, too, am America.'

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17. Question 17

    Which of the following novelists did not employ "Stream of Consciousness" technique?

    1. AVirginia Woolf
    2. BJames Joyce
    3. CDorothy Richardson
    4. DGraham Greene

    Answer: (D) Graham Greene

    Explanation

    ✅Graham Greene did not employ stream of consciousness technique. He wrote more traditional narrative fiction, often in the thriller and Catholic novel genres. Woolf, Joyce, and Richardson were pioneers of the stream of consciousness technique in modernist literature.

    ❌ Virginia Woolf: A pioneer of the style, famously using Stream of Consciousness technique in Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.

    ❌ James Joyce: Widely recognized for his experimental use of the technique in Ulysses and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

    ❌ Dorothy Richardson: One of the earliest novelists to use the method in her multi-volume work Pilgrimage.

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18. Question 18

    What is 'Practical Criticism'?

    1. AThe close analysis of literary texts in such a way as to bring out their political meaning.
    2. BA movement which wished to make literary criticism more relevant.
    3. CThe close analysis of poems without taking account of any external information.
    4. DThe study of ambiguity.

    Answer: (C) The close analysis of poems without taking account of any external information.

    Explanation

    Practical Criticism, developed by I.A. Richards in the 1920s, involves close reading and analysis of texts without external context such as authorship, historical background, or biographical information. This approach focuses purely on the text itself, emphasizing detailed attention to language, imagery, and structure.

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19. Question 19

    Identify the one who was not a 'New Critic':

    1. AAllen Tate
    2. BRobert Penn Warren
    3. CCleanth Brooks
    4. DClaude Levi-Strauss

    Answer: (D) Claude Levi-Strauss

    Explanation

    Claude Levi-Strauss was a structuralist anthropologist, not a New Critic. The New Critics (including Tate, Warren, and Brooks) emphasized close reading and formal analysis of literary texts, while Levi-Strauss applied structural analysis to anthropology and mythology.

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20. Question 20

    The line "Thou still unravished bride of quietness" presents which of the following rhetorical figures?

    1. AAnastrophe
    2. BApostrophe
    3. CAnaphora
    4. DChiasmus

    Answer: (B) Apostrophe

    Explanation

    This line from Keats' 'Ode on a Grecian Urn' uses apostrophe, a rhetorical device where the speaker directly addresses an absent or non-human entity. Keats addresses the urn as if it were a person, attributing human qualities to it throughout the poem.

    Apostrophe is a figure of speech in which the speaker directly addresses an absent person, an abstract concept, or an inanimate object as if it were present and capable of responding. In this case, Keats addresses the Grecian Urn directly, personifying it as a "bride".

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21. Question 21

    Which of the following is not a character in William Congreve's The Way of the World?

    1. AFainall
    2. BMirabell
    3. CWaitwell
    4. DPeachum

    Answer: (D) Peachum

    Explanation

    Peachum is a character in John Gay's 'The Beggar's Opera' (1728), not in Congreve's 'The Way of the World' (1700). Fainall, Mirabell, and Waitwell are all characters in Congreve's Restoration comedy.

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22. Question 22

    Which among the following novels is not written by Mary Shelley?

    1. AThe Lost Woman
    2. BFrankenstein
    3. CFalkner
    4. DThe Last Man

    Answer: (A) The Lost Woman

    Explanation

    Mary Shelley did not write 'The Lost Woman'. Her major works include Frankenstein (1818), The Last Man (1826), and Falkner (1837). Note: The correct spelling is 'Falkner', not 'Faulkner'.

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23. Question 23

    Who said "The introduction of foreigners does not necessarily destroy the nation, they merge in it"?

    1. AFrantz Fanon
    2. BLeopold Senghor
    3. CSri Aurobindo
    4. DM. K. Gandhi

    Answer: (D) M. K. Gandhi

    Explanation

    This statement about national integration and cultural assimilation was made by Mahatma Gandhi, reflecting his philosophy of inclusive nationalism and his vision of India as a diverse yet unified nation.

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24. Question 24

    The famous short poem "Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog" appears in which one of the following Eighteenth Century novels?

    1. ARoderick Random by Tobias Smollett
    2. BTristram Shandy by Lawrence Sterne
    3. CThe Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith
    4. DThe Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole

    Answer: (C) The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith

    Explanation

    This humorous poem appears in Oliver Goldsmith's 'The Vicar of Wakefield' (1766), sung by the Vicar's son. The poem satirically tells of a dog bitten by a man, reversing expectations of who dies from the encounter.

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25. Question 25

    Which of the following poems uses 'terza rima'?

    1. AJohn Keats' "Ode to Nightingale"
    2. BP. B. Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind"
    3. CWilliam Wordsworth's "The Solitary Reaper"
    4. DAlfred Tennyson's "Ulysses"

    Answer: (B) P. B. Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind"

    Explanation

    Shelley's 'Ode to the West Wind' uses terza rima, a three-line stanza form with interlocking rhymes (aba bcb cdc, etc.) invented by Dante. Shelley adapted this Italian verse form for English poetry, creating five sonnets that together form the complete ode.

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26. Question 26

    Which of the following is an elegy on John Donne's wife who died in 1617?

    1. A"Death be not Proud"
    2. B"Thou Hast Made Me"
    3. C"Holy Sonnet 17"
    4. D"At the Round Earth's Imagined Corners"

    Answer: (C) "Holy Sonnet 17"

    Explanation

    'Holy Sonnet 17' (Since she whom I loved) is Donne's elegy for his wife Anne More, who died in 1617 after giving birth to their twelfth child. The poem expresses profound grief while wrestling with the tension between earthly and divine love.

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27. Question 27

    The author of "The Politics of Translation" and translator of Mahasweta Devi's "Stanadyini" is:

    1. AHomi Bhabha
    2. BJhumpa Lahiri
    3. CGayatri C. Spivak
    4. DTejaswini Niranjana

    Answer: (C) Gayatri C. Spivak

    Explanation

    Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is renowned for her translation theory, particularly 'The Politics of Translation', and for translating Mahasweta Devi's works including 'Stanadayini' (Breast-Giver). Spivak's translations are informed by postcolonial and feminist theory.

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28. Question 28

    Who is the best known figure amongst the following for articulating the concept of 'Negritude'?

    1. AEdward Said
    2. BAime Cesaire
    3. CWilliam Jones
    4. DAnna Rutherford

    Answer: (B) Aime Cesaire

    Explanation

    Aimé Césaire, along with Leopold Senghor and Leon Damas, developed the concept of Negritude in the 1930s. This literary and ideological movement celebrated Black culture, African heritage, and African values in response to French colonialism and cultural assimilation.

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29. Question 29

    Functional Communicative Approach in English Language Teaching is in opposition to the:

    1. AComprehensive Approach
    2. BGrammar Translation Method
    3. CFunctional Approach
    4. DStructural Approach

    Answer: (D) Structural Approach

    Explanation

    The Functional Communicative Approach emphasizes meaning, communication, and language functions, opposing the form-focused Structural Approach which prioritizes grammatical structures and sentence patterns. The shift represents a move from form to meaning in language teaching.

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30. Question 30

    Which of the following is not an autobiography?

    1. APatrick White: A Life
    2. BLong Walk to Freedom
    3. CMy Experiments with Truth
    4. DAkkarmashi (The Outcaste)

    Answer: (A) Patrick White: A Life

    Explanation

    'Patrick White: A Life' is a biography by David Marr about the Australian novelist, not an autobiography. The other works are autobiographies: Nelson Mandela's 'Long Walk to Freedom', Gandhi's 'My Experiments with Truth', and Sharankumar Limbale's 'Akkarmashi'.

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31. Question 31

    Which among the following does not fall in the category of a Revenge Tragedy?

    1. AThe Spanish Tragedy
    2. BThe Jew of Malta
    3. CHamlet
    4. DCymbeline

    Answer: (D) Cymbeline

    Explanation

    Cymbeline is a romance/tragicomedy with themes of reconciliation and forgiveness, not a revenge tragedy. The Spanish Tragedy (Kyd), The Jew of Malta (Marlowe), and Hamlet (Shakespeare) are all revenge tragedies centered on protagonists seeking vengeance.

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32. Question 32

    In which of the texts, the following lines occur?

    "Of all the causes which conspire to blind
    Man's erring judgement, and misguide the mind,
    What the weak head with strongest bias rules,
    Is pride, the never failing vice of fools."

    1. AAn Essay on Criticism
    2. BThe Rape of the Lock
    3. CAn Essay on Man
    4. DEpistle to Dr. Arbuthnot

    Answer: (A) An Essay on Criticism

    Explanation

    These lines are from Alexander Pope's 'An Essay on Criticism' (1711), a didactic poem offering rules and observations about literary criticism and poetic composition. The passage warns against pride as the greatest obstacle to sound judgment.

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33. Question 33

    From which poem are the following lines extracted?

    "Once more the storm is hauling and half hid
    Under this cradle-hood and coverlid,
    My child sleeps on. There is no obstacle.
    But Gregory's wood and one bare hill."

    1. A"The Second Coming"
    2. B"The Cold Heaven"
    3. C"A Prayer for My Daughter"
    4. D"Among School Children"

    Answer: (C) "A Prayer for My Daughter"

    Explanation

    These lines are from W.B. Yeats' 'A Prayer for My Daughter' (1919), written for his infant daughter Anne. The poem expresses paternal hopes and fears during turbulent times, blending personal and political concerns while the child sleeps peacefully.

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34. Question 34

    Who has composed the following lines?

    "Success is counted sweetest
    By those who ne'er succeed.
    To comprehend a nectar
    Requires sorest need."

    1. AChristina Rossetti
    2. BThomas Hardy
    3. CEmily Dickinson
    4. DMatthew Arnold

    Answer: (C) Emily Dickinson

    Explanation

    This is from Emily Dickinson's poem 'Success is counted sweetest' (c. 1859, published 1878). The poem paradoxically argues that those who fail understand success better than those who succeed, as deprivation creates the deepest appreciation.

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35. Question 35

    Identify the poet who has composed the following lines:

    "Ganga was sunken, and the limp leaves
    Waited for rain, while the black clouds
    Gathered far distant, over Himavant.
    The Jungle crouched, humped in silence."

    1. ARalph Waldo Emerson
    2. BT. S. Eliot
    3. CEmily Dickinson
    4. DSri Aurobindo

    Answer: (B) T. S. Eliot

    Explanation

    These lines are from T.S. Eliot's 'The Waste Land' (1922), specifically from Part V: 'What the Thunder Said'. The passage depicts a parched landscape awaiting monsoon rains, using Indian geography and mythology to symbolize spiritual drought.

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36. Question 36

    The following lines were spoken by which character?

    "O Sir, content you,
    I follow him to serve my turn upon him.
    We cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly followed."

    1. ARoderigo
    2. BIago
    3. CCaliban
    4. DCassio

    Answer: (B) Iago

    Explanation

    These lines are spoken by Iago in Shakespeare's 'Othello' (Act 1, Scene 1). Iago reveals his deceptive nature and hidden motives to Roderigo, explaining that he follows Othello only to serve his own purposes and seek revenge.

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37. Question 37

    Which statement is true about Gothic Novel? (Select the most appropriate combination)

    1. AIt appeared in 14th Century American Literature and often uses medieval architecture as setting
    2. BIt is a form of baroque art
    3. CIt often uses medieval form of architecture as setting and aims at evoking chilling terror
    4. DIt represents a style of mosaic and fresco wall painting

    Answer: (C) It often uses medieval form of architecture as setting and aims at evoking chilling terror

    Explanation

    Gothic novels typically use medieval settings (castles, monasteries) and aim to evoke terror through mystery, suspense, and horror.

    The genre emerged in 18th-century England with Walpole's 'The Castle of Otranto' (1764), not 14th-century America.

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38. Question 38

    Which statements are correct about 'Langue' and 'Parole'?

    1. ALangue is the abstract language system; Parole is language actually produced
    2. BParole is the abstract language system; Langue is language actually produced
    3. CBoth are unrelated concepts
    4. DLangue is superior to Parole in all contexts

    Answer: (A) Langue is the abstract language system; Parole is language actually produced

    Explanation

    In Ferdinand de Saussure's structural linguistics,

    Langue is the abstract system of language (grammar, rules, conventions) shared by a speech community,

    Parole is actual speech production by individuals. This distinction is fundamental to structuralist theory.

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39. Question 39

    Which statements are true about Modernism? (Select correct combination)

    (A) It marked a break with formal conventions

    (B) Old ways of thought underwent cultural shift

    (C) Decline of liberal humanism

    (D) It revived classical scholarship

    (E) It promoted logocentric way of thoughts

    1. AA, B , E only
    2. BA, D and E Only
    3. CA, C and D Only
    4. DA, B and C Only

    Answer: (D) A, B and C Only

    Explanation

    Modernism (early 20th century) involved radical breaks with traditional conventions, profound cultural transformation following WWI, and questioning of liberal humanist assumptions about progress, reason, and the unified self. It challenged Victorian certainties and traditional forms.

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40. Question 40

    Which statements are correct about A. K. Ramanujan? (Select correct combination)

    A.He is a poet of the sixties

    B. His poetry draws his sustenance from his awareness of Hindu heritage

    C. He has poor sense of rhythm

    D. His verse poorly utilises Akam constructed technique

    E. He utilises Akam constructed techniques in his poetry .

    1. AC, D , E only
    2. BA, B , E only
    3. CB , C , D only
    4. DB, D , E only

    Answer: (B) A, B , E only

    Explanation

    A.K. Ramanujan (1929-1993) was a prominent 1960s poet who drew deeply from Hindu heritage and skillfully employed Akam (interior/subjective) poetic techniques from classical Tamil poetry, blending Indian and Western literary traditions with linguistic precision.

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41. Question 41

    Which are correct statements about Ecocriticism? (Select correct combination)

    (A) It explains human and non-human webs of interrelation

    (B) In Ecocriticism, Human accountability to environment is part of the text's ethical orientation.

    (C) It foregrounds the notion of an interplay between Environment and the Body

    (D) There is only one wave of Ecocriticism

    (E) It has not tackled the issue of gender

    1. AA, B , C only
    2. BA, D and E Only
    3. CB, C and D Only
    4. DA, B , C, D only

    Answer: (A) A, B , C only

    Explanation

    ✅Statement (A) is correct: Ecocriticism is defined as the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment, specifically explaining the interconnectedness or "webs of interrelation" between human and non-human elements.

    ✅Statement (B) is correct: The field possesses a strong ethical orientation, where human accountability for environmental degradation and the ethical treatment of the natural world are central concerns.

    ✅Statement (C) is correct: Modern branches like material ecocriticism specifically foreground the interplay between the environment and the human body, viewing them as interconnected biological and physical entities

    Why other options are incorrect

    ❌ (D) There is only one wave of Ecocriticism: This is false. Ecocriticism has developed through multiple waves (at least three or four). The first wave focused on nature writing and conservation, while subsequent waves expanded to include urban environments, environmental justice, and global perspectives.

    ❌ (E) It has not tackled the issue of gender: This is false. The sub-field of Ecofeminism is a major part of ecocriticism, specifically analyzing the intersections between the oppression of women and the exploitation of nature.

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42. Question 42

    An ideal research paper should include which of the following? (Select correct combination)

    1. AProblem statement and thesis only
    2. BBackground information and summarizing only
    3. CProblem statement, background information, and thesis
    4. DGlorification of the writer

    Answer: (C) Problem statement, background information, and thesis

    Explanation

    A well-structured research paper requires three essential elements: a clear problem statement (research question), adequate background information (literature review/context), and a defendable thesis (argument/position). These components provide focus, context, and direction.

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43. Question 43

    Which are correct statements about Psychoanalytic Criticism? (Select correct combination)

    (A) The Premises and procedure were established by Sigmund Freud

    (B) Frued posited that artists are like neurotic patient

    (C) Frued posited that ''Psychoanalysis" can be used to account for many developments and practices in the history of civilization.

    (D) A repressed wish does not become Fantasy

    (E) Frued proposed that literature and other arts manifest the repressed subconscious and unconscious drives of the artist .

    1. AA, B , E only
    2. BA, D and E Only
    3. CA, C and D Only
    4. DA, B, C and E Only

    Answer: (D) A, B, C and E Only

    Explanation

    Freudian psychoanalytic criticism, based on Freud's premises, examines how literature manifests unconscious drives and repressed desires, and can be applied to understanding cultural developments and civilization. Art transforms repressed wishes into socially acceptable forms.

    ❌ (D): This statement is incorrect because, in Freudian theory, a repressed wish is exactly what becomes a fantasy or a daydream. Fantasy serves as a substitute gratification for desires that cannot be fulfilled in reality due to social or moral repression.

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44. Question 44

    Which novels deal with the theme of apartheid? (Select correct combination)

    1. APurple Hibiscus and Cry, the Beloved Country
    2. BJuly's People and My Son's Story
    3. CJuly's People, Cry, the Beloved Country, and My Son's Story
    4. DThe Mimic Men

    Answer: (C) July's People, Cry, the Beloved Country, and My Son's Story

    Explanation

    All three novels directly address South African apartheid: Nadine Gordimer's 'July's People' (1981) and 'My Son's Story' (1990), and Alan Paton's 'Cry, the Beloved Country' (1948) examine racial injustice, though from different periods and perspectives.

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45. Question 45

    Which statements about Joothan are correct? (Select correct combination)

    1. AIt is a novel
    2. BIt represents Dalit community in critical light
    3. CIt represents Dalit community critically, discusses difficulties, and critiques upper castes
    4. DTranslated by Arun Prabha Das

    Answer: (C) It represents Dalit community critically, discusses difficulties, and critiques upper castes

    Explanation

    Joothan is Omprakash Valmiki's autobiography (not a novel) that critically examines caste discrimination, discusses Dalit struggles, and critiques upper caste privilege. Translated by Arun Prabha Mukherjee (not Das), it's a landmark Dalit autobiography.

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46. Question 46

    Who is the author of English in India: Its Present and Future published in 1964?

    1. AG. T. Garratt
    2. BRameshwar Gupta
    3. CV. K. Gokak
    4. DA. R. Chide

    Answer: (C) V. K. Gokak

    Explanation

    V. K. Gokak authored 'English in India: Its Present and Future' (1964), an important study examining the role, status, and future of English language in post-independence India, addressing questions of language policy and education.

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47. Question 47

    Arrange the following works of Francis Bacon in the chronological order of their year of publication:

    A. Advancement of Learning

    B. De Augmentis Scientiarum

    C. Novum Organum

    D. The New Atlantis

    E. History of Henry VII

    1. AA, C, E, B, D
    2. BC, A, B, E, D
    3. CA, B, E, D, C
    4. DE, D, C, A, B

    Answer: (A) A, C, E, B, D

    Explanation

    The chronological order of Francis Bacon's works is: Advancement of Learning (1605), Novum Organum (1620), History of Henry VII (1622), De Augmentis Scientiarum (1623), and The New Atlantis (published posthumously in 1626).

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48. Question 48

    Match the following Dalit writers with their autobiographies:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Dalit Writers)	LIST II (Autobiographies)
    A. Basudev Sunani	I. Karukku
    B. Om Prakash Valmiki	II. Weave of My Life
    C. Bama	III. Cast Out
    D. Urmila Pawar	IV. Joothan

    1. AA-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
    2. BA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    3. CA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
    4. DA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

    Answer: (B) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

    Explanation

    Basudev Sunani wrote "Cast Out" (III), Om Prakash Valmiki wrote "Joothan" (IV), Bama wrote "Karukku" (I), and Urmila Pawar wrote "Weave of My Life" (II).

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49. Question 49

    Choose the correct sequence of the following works of Pablo Neruda in chronological order:

    A. Spain in the Heart

    B. Works and Book of Twilights

    C. The Inhabitant and His Hope

    D. Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair

    E. The Trying of Infinite Man

    1. AE, C, D, B, A
    2. BA, B, C, D, E
    3. CE, D, B, C, A
    4. DB, D, E, C, A

    Answer: (D) B, D, E, C, A

    Explanation

    The chronological order of Pablo Neruda's works is: Works and Book of Twilights (1923-24), Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924), The Trying of Infinite Man (1926), The Inhabitant and His Hope (1926), and Spain in the Heart (1937).

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50. Question 50

    Arrange the following literary theory works in the chronological order of their year of publication:

    A. Deconstruction and Criticism

    B. Multiculturalism: Roots and Realities

    C. Literary Theory and the Claims of History

    D. The Western Canon

    E. An Appetite for Poetry

    1. AD, C, E, B, A
    2. BA, E, D, C, B
    3. CA, B, C, D, E
    4. DC, D, B, A, E

    Answer: (B) A, E, D, C, B

    Explanation

    The chronological order is: Deconstruction and Criticism (1979), An Appetite for Poetry (1989), The Western Canon by Harold Bloom (1994), Literary Theory and the Claims of History (1997), and Multiculturalism: Roots and Realities (2003).

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51. Question 51

    Which of the following are correct according to the MLA Handbook, 9th edition?

    A. One inch margin on all sides is compulsory

    B. Coordinating conjunctions are written in bold

    C. Slash is used between two nouns paired as opposites

    D. 'Hanging indent' is ½ inches

    E. Subordinating conjunctions are not in bold

    1. AA, C and D only
    2. BB, D and A only
    3. CC, D and E only
    4. DB, C and E only

    Answer: (A) A, C and D only

    Explanation

    According to MLA 9th edition formatting guidelines: one-inch margins on all sides are required, slashes are used between paired opposites (e.g., and/or, pass/fail), and hanging indent should be ½ inch for the Works Cited page. Conjunctions are not written in bold in standard MLA format.

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52. Question 52

    Identify the statements which are correct.

    A. The term 'Flâneur' is often associated with the poetry of Baudelaire.

    B. The term 'Habitus' is associated with Pierre Bourdieu.

    C. Michael Foucault is associated with the concept of 'Modernity: An Unfinished Project.

    D. Frantz Fanon is associated with the term 'Imagined Community:

    E. The term 'Thick Description' is associated with Clifford Mentz.

    Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

    1. AA and B only
    2. BB and C only
    3. CC and D only
    4. DA and E only

    Answer: (A) A and B only

    Explanation

    Flaneur (the observant urban wanderer) is indeed associated with Baudelaire's poetry and essays, and Habitus is a key concept in Pierre Bourdieu's sociology. 'Modernity: An Unfinished Project' is by Habermas (not Foucault), 'Imagined Communities' is by Benedict Anderson (not Fanon), and while Geertz did coin 'Thick Description', the original exam question reportedly had an error listing 'Clifford Mentz' instead of Geertz.

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53. Question 53

    Arrange the following novels of D. H. Lawrence in chronological order:

    A. Women in Love

    B. The White Peacock

    C. Sons and Lovers

    D. The Rainbow

    E. The Trespasser

    1. AA, B, C, D, E
    2. BE, C, D, A, B
    3. CB, E, C, D, A
    4. DC, A, E, D, B

    Answer: (C) B, E, C, D, A

    Explanation

    The chronological order of D.H. Lawrence's novels is: The White Peacock (1911), The Trespasser (1912), Sons and Lovers (1913), The Rainbow (1915), and Women in Love (1920, though written earlier).

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54. Question 54

    Which of the following is not correctly matched?

    1. ASeamus Heaney: "Digging"
    2. BAudre Lorde: "Coal"
    3. CDom Moraes: "Kanheri Caves"
    4. DJohn Updike: "The Swan"

    Answer: (D) John Updike: "The Swan"

    Explanation

    John Updike did not write a famous poem titled 'The Swan'. The most famous poem with this title is by Rainer Maria Rilke. The other matches are correct: Seamus Heaney wrote 'Digging' (the opening poem of Death of a Naturalist), Audre Lorde wrote 'Coal', and Dom Moraes wrote 'Kanheri Caves'.

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55. Question 55

    Match the following feminist critics with their works:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Works)	LIST II (Feminist Critics)
    A. Bodies that Matter	I. Barbara Johnson
    B. A World of Difference	II. Judith Butler
    C. A Literature of their Own	III. Camille Paglia
    D. Vamps and Tramps	IV. Elaine Showalter

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
    4. DA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

    Answer: (C) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Explanation

    The correct matches are: Bodies that Matter is by Judith Butler (gender theory), A World of Difference by Barbara Johnson (deconstructive criticism), A Literature of their Own by Elaine Showalter (feminist literary criticism), and Vamps and Tramps by Camille Paglia (feminist cultural criticism).

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56. Question 56

    Arrange the following Indian English works in chronological order:

    A. The Wound of Spring (S. Menon Marath)

    B. Men and Rivers (Humayun Kabir)

    C. The House of Adampur (Anand Lall)

    D. The Vermillion Boat (Sudhindra N. Ghose)

    E. Delinquent Chacha (Ved Mehta)

    1. AE, D, C, B, A
    2. BB, D, C, A, E
    3. CA, B, C, D, E
    4. DD, C, B, A, E

    Answer: (B) B, D, C, A, E

    Explanation

    The chronological order is: Men and Rivers by Humayun Kabir (1942), The Vermillion Boat by Sudhindra N. Ghose (1953), The House of Adampur by Anand Lall (1954), The Wound of Spring by S. Menon Marath (1955), and Delinquent Chacha by Ved Mehta (1967).

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57. Question 57

    Match the following 20th century novels with their authors:

    Novels	Authors
    A. The Childhood of Jesus	I. L. P. Hartley
    B. The Go-Between	II. Evelyn Waugh
    C. Brideshead Revisited	III. J. M. Coetzee
    D. The Catcher in the Rye	IV. J. D. Salinger

    1. AA-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
    2. BA-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
    4. DA-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

    Answer: (B) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

    Explanation

    The correct matches are: The Childhood of Jesus (2013) by J.M. Coetzee (South African Nobel laureate), The Go-Between (1953) by L.P. Hartley (British novelist), Brideshead Revisited (1945) by Evelyn Waugh (British novelist), and The Catcher in the Rye (1951) by J.D. Salinger (American novelist).

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58. Question 58

    Match the following Indian English poems with their poets:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Indian English Poems)	LIST II (Poets)
    A. The Golden Light	I. Toru Dutt
    B. The Lotus	II. Sarojini Naidu
    C. Indian Dancers	III. Henry Derozio
    D. The Harp of India	IV. Sri Aurobindo

    1. AA-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
    2. BA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
    3. CA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
    4. DA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

    Answer: (D) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

    Explanation

    Sri Aurobindo wrote "The Golden Light" (IV), Toru Dutt wrote "The Lotus" (I), Sarojini Naidu wrote "Indian Dancers" (II), and Henry Derozio wrote "The Harp of India" (III).

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59. Question 59

    Match the following theoretical concepts with their associated theorists:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Theoretical Concepts)	LIST II (Theorists)
    A. Defamiliarization	I. Giorgio Agamben
    B. Uncanny	II. Bruno Latour
    C. Actor Network Theory	III. Viktor Shklovsky
    D. Homo Sacer	IV. Sigmund Freud

    1. AA-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
    2. BA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
    3. CA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    4. DA-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

    Answer: (D) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

    Explanation

    The correct matches are:

    Defamiliarization (ostranenie) with Viktor Shklovsky (Russian Formalist),

    the Uncanny (das Unheimliche) with Sigmund Freud (psychoanalysis),

    Actor Network Theory with Bruno Latour (science studies),

    Homo Sacer (bare life) with Giorgio Agamben (political philosophy).

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60. Question 60

    Match the following Indian English writers with their short story collections:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Indian English Writers)	LIST II (Short Story Collections)
    A. Manohar Malgaonkar	I. The Weird Dance and Other Stories
    B. Chaman Nahal	II. The Survivor
    C. Ruskin Bond	III. Rumble Tumble
    D. Arun Joshi	IV. Neighbour's Wife and Other Stories

    1. AA-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
    2. BA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    3. CA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    4. DA-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

    Answer: (A) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

    Explanation

    Manohar Malgaonkar wrote "Rumble Tumble" (III), Chaman Nahal wrote "The Weird Dance and Other Stories" (I), Ruskin Bond wrote "Neighbour's Wife and Other Stories" (IV), and Arun Joshi wrote "The Survivor" (II).

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61. Question 61

    Chronologically arrange the following critical works on Indian English literature:

    A. Masks of Conquests (Gauri Viswanathan)

    B. The Twice Born Fiction (Meenakshi Mukherjee)

    C. After Amnesia (G. N. Devy)

    D. A History of Indian English Literature (M. K. Naik)

    E. Colonial Transactions (Harish Trivedi)

    1. AA, B, C, D, E
    2. BE, D, C, B, A
    3. CC, A, D, B, E
    4. DB, D, A, C, E

    Answer: (D) B, D, A, C, E

    Explanation

    The chronological order is: The Twice Born Fiction by Meenakshi Mukherjee (1971), A History of Indian English Literature by M. K. Naik (1982), Masks of Conquests by Gauri Viswanathan (1989), After Amnesia by G. N. Devy (1992), and Colonial Transactions by Harish Trivedi (1993).

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62. Question 62

    Arrange the following works in chronological sequence:

    A. Culture and Anarchy (Matthew Arnold)

    B. The Anatomy of Melancholy (Robert Burton)

    C. Defence of Poetry (P. B. Shelley)

    D. Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes)

    E. Studies in the History of the Renaissance (Walter Pater)

    1. AA, B, C, D, E
    2. BD, C, B, A, E
    3. CB, C, E, A, D
    4. DB, D, C, A, E

    Answer: (D) B, D, C, A, E

    Explanation

    The chronological order is: The Anatomy of Melancholy by Robert Burton (1621, often misattributed to Thomas Browne), Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes (1651), A Defence of Poetry by P. B. Shelley (1821, published 1840), Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold (1869), and Studies in the History of the Renaissance by Walter Pater (1873).

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63. Question 63

    Arrange the following steps of decision making in the research process in correct order:

    A. Choice of research topic

    B. Data collection

    C. Analysis and interpretation

    D. Formulating the research problem

    E. Conceptualization and operationalization

    1. AA, B, D, C, E
    2. BA, B, C, D, E
    3. CD, C, A, B, E
    4. DA, D, E, B, C

    Answer: (D) A, D, E, B, C

    Explanation

    The correct research process order is: Choice of research topic (identifying area of interest), Formulating the research problem (defining specific questions), Conceptualization and operationalization (defining concepts and variables), Data collection (gathering information), and Analysis and interpretation (making sense of the data).

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64. Question 64

    Match the following Renaissance poets with their works:

    Poet (A–D)	Work (I–IV)
    A. Edmund Spenser	I. "Whose List to Hunt"
    B. Philip Sidney	II. "So Cruel Prison"
    C. Thomas Wyatt	III. "The Faerie Queene"
    D. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey	IV. "The Defense of Poesy"

    1. AA-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
    2. BA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    3. CA-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
    4. DA-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

    Answer: (B) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

    Explanation

    The correct matches are: Edmund Spenser wrote The Faerie Queene (1590-96), Philip Sidney wrote The Defense of Poesy (c. 1580), Thomas Wyatt wrote 'Whose List to Hunt' (sonnet adapted from Petrarch), and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey wrote 'So Cruel Prison' (about imprisonment in Windsor Castle).

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65. Question 65

    Arrange the following Romantic poems in chronological order:

    A. "The Tyger"

    B. "The Solitary Reaper"

    C. "Adonais"

    D. "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"

    E. "Ode to Autumn"

    1. AB, C, D, E, A
    2. BC, D, E, A, B
    3. CA, D, B, E, C
    4. DD, A, E, B, C

    Answer: (C) A, D, B, E, C

    Explanation

    The chronological order is: 'The Tyger' by William Blake (1794), 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' by Coleridge (1798), 'The Solitary Reaper' by Wordsworth (1807), 'Ode to Autumn' by Keats (1819), and 'Adonais' by Shelley (1821, elegy for Keats).

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66. Question 66

    Arrange Shakespeare's plays in chronological order:

    A. The Tempest

    B. Love's Labour Lost

    C. Twelfth Night

    D. Much Ado About Nothing

    E. A Midsummer Night's Dream

    1. AB, E, D, C, A
    2. BE, A, D, C, B
    3. CA, B, C, D, E
    4. DA, C, D, B, E

    Answer: (A) B, E, D, C, A

    Explanation

    The chronological order is: Love's Labour's Lost (1594-95),
    A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595-96),
    Much Ado About Nothing (1598-99),
    Twelfth Night (1601-02),
    and The Tempest (1610-11,
    one of Shakespeare's final plays).

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67. Question 67

    Arrange the following works by Mulk Raj Anand in chronological order:

    A. Coolie

    B. The Big Heart

    C. The Village

    D. Two Leaves and a Bud

    E. Seven Summers

    1. AD, C, B, A, E
    2. BE, A, B, C, D
    3. CA, B, C, D, E
    4. DA, D, C, B, E

    Answer: (D) A, D, C, B, E

    Explanation

    The chronological order of Mulk Raj Anand's works is: Coolie (1936, about a young boy's exploitation), Two Leaves and a Bud (1937, about tea plantation workers), The Village (1939, rural life), The Big Heart (1945, about a coppersmith), and Seven Summers (1951, autobiographical novel).

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68. Question 68

    Match the following Indian women writers with their works:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Indian Women Writers)	LIST II (Works)
    A. Kamla Markandeya	I. The Grip of Change
    B. P. Sivakami	II. The Enchanted Fruit
    C. Anita Desai	III. Possession
    D. Raj Lakshmi Debi	IV. Cry, the Peacock

    1. AA-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
    2. BA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
    4. DA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

    Answer: (A) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

    Explanation

    Kamla Markandeya wrote "Possession" (III), P. Sivakami wrote "The Grip of Change" (I), Anita Desai wrote "Cry, the Peacock" (IV), and Raj Lakshmi Debi wrote "The Enchanted Fruit" (II).

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69. Question 69

    Identify all the Australian Aboriginal writers from the following:

    A. Kim Scott

    B. Peter Carey

    C. Oodgeroo Noonuccal

    D. Kevin Gilbert

    E. Derek Walcott

    1. AB, C and D only
    2. BC, D and E only
    3. CA, C and D only
    4. DB, A and E only

    Answer: (C) A, C and D only

    Explanation

    Kim Scott (Noongar heritage), Oodgeroo Noonuccal (first Aboriginal Australian to publish a book of poetry), and Kevin Gilbert (activist and writer) are Australian Aboriginal writers. Peter Carey is Australian but not Aboriginal, and Derek Walcott is from St. Lucia in the Caribbean.

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70. Question 70

    Which options are true about the epistemological dimension of research?

    A. Scientific realism

    B. The search for truth

    C. Critical theory

    D. Certain and indubitable knowledge

    E. Mechanism of social control

    1. AA and C only
    2. BB and D only
    3. CD and A only
    4. DC, D and E only

    Answer: (B) B and D only

    Explanation

    The epistemological dimension of research primarily concerns the search for truth and the pursuit of certain, reliable knowledge. Epistemology deals with the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge. While scientific realism and critical theory relate to epistemology, they are broader frameworks. Social control mechanisms are sociological, not epistemological.

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71. Question 71

    Match the following Indian English dramatic works with their authors:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Dramatic Works)	LIST II (Authors)
    A. Nala and Damayanti	I. Sri Aurobindo
    B. Jayadeva	II. Vasudeva Rao
    C. The Viziers of Bassora	III. P. A. Krishnaswamy
    D. The Flute of Krishna	IV. Harindranath Chattopadhyaya

    1. AA-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
    2. BA-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
    3. CA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
    4. DA-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

    Answer: (B) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

    Explanation

    "Nala and Damayanti" was written by P. A. Krishnaswamy (III), "Jayadeva" by Vasudeva Rao (II), "The Viziers of Bassora" by Harindranath Chattopadhyaya (IV), and "The Flute of Krishna" by Sri Aurobindo (I).

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72. Question 72

    Match the following American authors with their works:

    Authors	Works
    A. Henry Miller	I. The Grapes of Wrath
    B. John Steinbeck	II. No Name in the Streets
    C. James Jones	III. Tropic of Cancer
    D. James Baldwin	IV. From Here to Eternity

    1. AA-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
    2. BA-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
    3. CA-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
    4. DA-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

    Answer: (B) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

    Explanation

    The correct matches are: Henry Miller wrote Tropic of Cancer (1934, controversial modernist novel), John Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath (1939, about the Great Depression), James Jones wrote From Here to Eternity (1951, WWII novel), and James Baldwin wrote No Name in the Streets (1972, essay collection on civil rights).

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73. Question 73

    Arrange W. B. Yeats poems in chronological order:

    A. "Adam's Curse"

    B. "Among School Children"

    C. "The Second Coming"

    D. "The Wild Swans at Coole"

    E. "Under Ben Bulben"

    1. AA, B, C, D, E
    2. BC, D, B, A, E
    3. CE, B, D, C, A
    4. DA, D, C, B, E

    Answer: (D) A, D, C, B, E

    Explanation

    The chronological order of Yeats' poems is: 'Adam's Curse' (1902, from In the Seven Woods), 'The Wild Swans at Coole' (1917), 'The Second Coming' (1919, post-WWI apocalyptic vision), 'Among School Children' (1926, from The Tower), and 'Under Ben Bulben' (1938, his poetic testament written shortly before death).

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74. Question 74

    Match the following rhetorical terms with their meanings:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Rhetorical Terms)	LIST II (Meanings)
    A. Antonomasia	I. Doubtful authorship
    B. Antiphrasis	II. Substitute for proper name
    C. Apocrypha	III. Miraculous deeds narrative
    D. Aretalogy	IV. Ironic use of opposite meanings

    1. AA-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
    2. BA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
    3. CA-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
    4. DA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Answer: (A) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

    Explanation

    The correct matches are: Antonomasia (substituting a descriptive phrase for a proper name, e.g., 'The Bard' for Shakespeare), Antiphrasis (using words ironically in opposite meanings), Apocrypha (writings of doubtful authenticity), and Aretalogy (narrative recounting miraculous deeds or moral excellence of a deity or hero).

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75. Question 75

    The incorrect works cited entries according to MLA 9th edition are:

    A. Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading. Oxford UP, 2011.

    B. Charon, Rita, et al. Principles. Oxford UP, London, 2017.

    C. Saban, Ann. "Perils." American Review, vol.10, no.2, 2007, pp.1-27.

    D. Riddle, Julie. "Shadow Animals." Georgia Review, 67.3, pp. 424-47.

    E. Copeland, Edward. Cambridge Companion. 1997. 131-48.

    1. AA, B and C only
    2. BB, C and D only
    3. CB, D and E only
    4. DD, E and A only

    Answer: (C) B, D and E only

    Explanation

    The incorrect entries are: B (city name 'London' is not needed for university presses in MLA 9th edition), D (volume number needs 'vol.' prefix: vol. 67, no. 3), and E (missing publisher, incomplete citation format, and page numbers need 'pp.' prefix). Entries A and C follow MLA 9th edition format correctly.

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76. Question 76

    Arrange the following Commonwealth novels in chronological order:

    A. The English Patient

    B. The Swinging Bridge

    C. Lives of Girls and Women

    D. Family Matters

    E. Birnam Wood

    1. AD, B, A, C, E
    2. BB, A, D, C, E
    3. CC, B, D, A, E
    4. DC, A, D, B, E

    Answer: (D) C, A, D, B, E

    Explanation

    The chronological order is: Lives of Girls and Women by Alice Munro (1971, Canadian), The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje (1992, Canadian/Sri Lankan), Family Matters by Rohinton Mistry (2002, Canadian/Indian), The Swinging Bridge by Ramabai Espinet (2003, Trinidadian-Canadian), and Birnam Wood by Eleanor Catton (2023, New Zealand).

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77. Question 77

    Match the following Indian biographers with their biographical works:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Biographical Works)	LIST II (Biographers)
    A. My Days with Gandhi	I. D. K. Roy
    B. Among the Great	II. N. K. Basu
    C. Life of Sri Aurobindo	III. Krishna Kripalani
    D. Rabindranath Tagore	IV. A. B. Purani

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
    4. DA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Answer: (D) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Explanation

    N. K. Basu wrote "My Days with Gandhi" (II-A), D. K. Roy wrote "Among the Great" (I-B), A. B. Purani wrote "Life of Sri Aurobindo" (IV-C), and Krishna Kripalani wrote "Rabindranath Tagore" (III-D).

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78. Question 78

    Match the following Indian autobiographies with their authors:

    Autobiography (A–D)	Author (I–IV)
    A. Autobiography of an Unknown Indian	I. Dom Moraes
    B. My Son's Father	II. A. S. Iyenger
    C. All through the Gandhian Era	III. Sasthi Brata
    D. My God Died Young	IV. Nirad C. Chaudhary

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
    4. DA-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

    Answer: (C) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

    Explanation

    The correct matches are: Autobiography of an Unknown Indian by Nirad C. Chaudhary (1951, controversial memoir), My Son's Father by Dom Moraes (1968, poet's memoir), All through the Gandhian Era by A. S. Iyenger (memoirs of the freedom struggle), and My God Died Young by Sasthi Brata (1968, coming-of-age memoir).

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79. Question 79

    Identify correct statements about literary genres:

    A. Epistle is in letter form

    B. Epigraph is funeral inscription

    C. Epigram is short, pithy poem

    D. Epitaph is formal statement at beginning

    E. Epyllion is short epic poem

    1. AA, B and C only
    2. BB, D and A only
    3. CA, C and E only
    4. DD, C and E only

    Answer: (C) A, C and E only

    Explanation

    The correct statements are: Epistle is indeed in letter form (verse letters), Epigram is a short witty or satirical poem, and Epyllion is a short narrative poem or 'mini-epic'. However, Epigraph is an inscription or quotation at the beginning of a work (not a funeral inscription—that's an epitaph), and Epitaph is a funeral inscription (not a statement at the beginning).

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80. Question 80

    Match the following environmental writers with their works:

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Environmental Writers)	LIST II (Works)
    A. Paul Ehrlich	I. Environmental Imagination (1995)
    B. Lawrence Buell	II. On the Beach (1957)
    C. Nevil Shute	III. Silent Spring (1962)
    D. Rachel Carson	IV. Population Bomb (1972)

    1. AA-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
    2. BA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
    3. CA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    4. DA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

    Answer: (B) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

    Explanation

    Paul Ehrlich wrote "Population Bomb" (IV) in 1972, Lawrence Buell wrote "Environmental Imagination" (I) in 1995, Nevil Shute wrote "On the Beach" (II) in 1957, and Rachel Carson wrote "Silent Spring" (III) in 1962.

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81. Question 81

    Identify correctly matched postcolonial critics and their concepts:

    A. Barbara Christian: "Race for Theory"

    B. Alfred Crosby: "Unhiding the Hidden"

    C. Paul Carter: "Naming Place"

    D. Graham Huggan: "Ecological Imperialism"

    E. Thomas Macaulay: "Minutes on Indian Education"

    1. AA and B only
    2. BA, C and E only
    3. CC and D only
    4. DD and E only

    Answer: (B) A, C and E only

    Explanation

    The correctly matched are: Barbara Christian wrote 'The Race for Theory' (1987, critique of high theory), Paul Carter wrote about spatial history and 'Naming Place' in The Road to Botany Bay (1987), and Thomas Macaulay wrote 'Minute on Indian Education' (1835). However, Alfred Crosby wrote about 'Ecological Imperialism' (1986, not 'Unhiding the Hidden'), and that concept is associated with him, not Graham Huggan.

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82. Question 82

    What is the meaning of 'Atomised individuals' in the context of mass culture discussion?

    1. AMechanised individuals
    2. BOrganic individuals
    3. CScientific individuals
    4. DBoth mechanised and alienated individuals

    Answer: (D) Both mechanised and alienated individuals

    Explanation

    In mass culture theory, 'atomised individuals' refers to people who are both mechanised (reduced to machine-like, uniform functions) and alienated (isolated from meaningful community, authentic experience, and traditional social bonds). This concept describes the fragmenting effect of modern industrial mass society on human social relationships.

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83. Question 83

    Systematic culture manipulation takes place through:

    1. AMass production of goods
    2. BMass production of culture
    3. CMass production of food
    4. DTechnological production

    Answer: (B) Mass production of culture

    Explanation

    According to mass culture theory (particularly Frankfurt School critics like Adorno and Horkheimer), systematic cultural manipulation occurs through the mass production of culture—creating uniform, standardized cultural products through what they called the 'culture industry'. This process commodifies art and culture, producing it like any other industrial good for mass consumption.

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84. Question 84

    "Mass Culture" refers to:

    1. AOnly the effects of American culture
    2. BSpecific theoretical debate in America during post-war period
    3. CTheoretical debates in America during pre-war period
    4. DBoth the effects of American culture and theoretical debates during post war period

    Answer: (D) Both the effects of American culture and theoretical debates during post war period

    Explanation

    The term 'Mass Culture' has a dual meaning: it refers to both the cultural effects of American popular culture spreading globally (through Hollywood, advertising, consumerism) and to a specific theoretical debate that emerged in America during the post-war period about the quality, authenticity, and political implications of mass-produced culture.

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85. Question 85

    What is the core issue discussed in mass culture theory?

    1. AMass culture
    2. BElite culture
    3. CHigh culture
    4. DLow culture

    Answer: (A) Mass culture

    Explanation

    The core issue is mass culture itself—the phenomenon of industrially produced, standardized culture marketed to mass audiences. Mass culture theory examines how this differs from folk culture (authentic, community-based) and high culture (art for connoisseurs), and debates whether mass culture represents democratization of culture or its degradation.

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86. Question 86

    When did popular culture get associated with U.S.A.?

    1. A19th Century
    2. B20th Century
    3. CEarly 20th Century
    4. DEarly 21st Century

    Answer: (C) Early 20th Century

    Explanation

    Popular culture became strongly associated with the United States in the early twentieth century, particularly through the rise of Hollywood cinema (1910s-1920s), mass advertising, jazz music, and the export of American consumer culture. This association intensified after World War II when American popular culture spread globally.

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87. Question 87

    Which of the statements given below are true?

    A. The centre for contemporary Cultural Studies was established in Berkeley in 1960.

    B. Jurgen Habermas traces the rise of the public sphere to the rise of print culture.

    C. Paul Gilroy introduced the concept of the Black Atlantic.

    D. Adorno praises the alien nature of avant-garde modernist art such as the atonal music of Schoenberg.

    E. Chutnification was a term used by Edward Soja.

    1. AA, B and C only
    2. BB, C and D only
    3. CC, D and E only
    4. DA, B and D only

    Answer: (B) B, C and D only

    Explanation

    Habermas did trace the public sphere to print culture (B), Paul Gilroy introduced the Black Atlantic concept in 1993 (C), and Adorno praised avant-garde modernist art (D). However, the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies was established in Birmingham, UK (not Berkeley) in 1964 (A is incorrect), and 'Chutnification' was used by Salman Rushdie, not Edward Soja (E is incorrect).

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88. Question 88

    Match the following:

    LIST I (Theorists)		LIST II (Concepts)
    A.	Mikhail Bakhtin	I.	Archaeology of the Human Sciences
    B.	Michel Foucault	II.	Dreams and the unconscious
    C.	Roland Barthes	III.	Dialogue as the intrinsic feature of language
    D.	Sigmund Freud	IV.	Text can be either readerly or writerly

    Match Theorists with Concepts

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
    3. CA-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
    4. DA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

    Answer: (C) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

    Explanation

    Mikhail Bakhtin is known for dialogue as intrinsic to language (III), Michel Foucault for archaeology of human sciences (I), Roland Barthes for readerly/writerly texts (IV), and Sigmund Freud for dreams and the unconscious (II).

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89. Question 89

    Which of the following works of R. K. Narayan were published after independence?

    A. The Dark Room

    B. The English Teacher

    C. The Financial Expert

    D. Swami and Friends

    E. The Guide

    1. AA and B only
    2. BB and D only
    3. CC and E only
    4. DA and D only

    Answer: (C) C and E only

    Explanation

    'The Dark Room' (1938), 'The English Teacher' (1945), and 'Swami and Friends' (1935) were published before India's independence in 1947. 'The Financial Expert' (1952) and 'The Guide' (1958) were published after independence.

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90. Question 90

    Which of the following novels deal with the theme of apartheid?

    A. Purple Hibiscus

    B. July's People

    C. Cry, the Beloved Country

    D. The Mimic Men

    E. My Son's Story

    1. AC and E only
    2. BA, C and D only
    3. CB, C and E only
    4. DA and B only

    Answer: (C) B, C and E only

    Explanation

    'July's People' by Nadine Gordimer, 'Cry, the Beloved Country' by Alan Paton, and 'My Son's Story' by Nadine Gordimer all deal with apartheid in South Africa. 'Purple Hibiscus' deals with Nigeria, not apartheid, and 'The Mimic Men' explores colonialism and identity but not specifically apartheid.

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91. Question 91

    Which of the following is not matched correctly?

    1. AIra De: The Hunt and Other Poems
    2. BMargaret Chatterjee: The Spring and the Spectacle
    3. CTapati Mookerji: The Golden Road to Samarkand
    4. DTilottama Ranjan: Poems of Govindagraj

    Answer: (C) Tapati Mookerji: The Golden Road to Samarkand

    Explanation

    Tapati Mookerji is not associated with 'The Golden Road to Samarkand'. The other matchings are correct: Ira De authored 'The Hunt and Other Poems', Margaret Chatterjee wrote 'The Spring and the Spectacle', and Tilottama Ranjan translated 'Poems of Govindagraj'.

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92. Question 92

    Arrange the following in chronological order of their year of publication:

    A. Nation and Narration

    B. The Dialogic Imagination

    C. Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter

    D. Discourse on Colonialism

    E. Orientalism

    1. AD, C, E, B, A
    2. BD, C, B, A, E
    3. CC, E, B, A, D
    4. DA, B, C, D, E

    Answer: (A) D, C, E, B, A

    Explanation

    The correct chronological order is: 'Discourse on Colonialism' by Aimé Césaire (1950), 'Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter' ed. Talal Asad (1973), 'Orientalism' by Edward Said (1978), 'The Dialogic Imagination' by Bakhtin (1981), 'Nation and Narration' ed. Homi Bhabha (1990).

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93. Question 93

    Who is the critic associated with the term 'Blue Humanities'?

    1. AHannah Arendt
    2. BSteve Mentz
    3. CThomas R. Cole
    4. DNathan Carlin

    Answer: (B) Steve Mentz

    Explanation

    Steve Mentz is associated with the term 'Blue Humanities', an interdisciplinary field that explores the cultural, social, and historical significance of the sea and maritime environments. The field examines the relationship between humans and the ocean, emphasizing ecological and existential aspects.

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94. Question 94

    Arrange the following works in the chronological order of their year of publication:

    A. Orientalism

    B. Black Skin, White Masks

    C. Masks of Conquest

    D. The Wretched of the Earth

    E. "Can the Subaltern Speak?"

    1. AB, D, A, E, C
    2. BD, B, A, E, C
    3. CC, B, D, A, E
    4. DA, C, B, E, D

    Answer: (A) B, D, A, E, C

    Explanation

    The correct chronological order is: 'Black Skin, White Masks' by Frantz Fanon (1952), 'The Wretched of the Earth' by Frantz Fanon (1961), 'Orientalism' by Edward Said (1978), 'Can the Subaltern Speak?' by Gayatri Spivak (1988), 'Masks of Conquest' by Gauri Viswanathan (1989).

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95. Question 95

    Arrange the following in chronological order of their year of publication:

    A. Fraser's Magazine

    B. The Spectator

    C. The Westminster Review

    D. The Quarterly Review

    E. Edinburgh Review

    1. AA, B, C, D, E
    2. BC, D, E, A, B
    3. CE, D, C, B, A
    4. DD, C, A, B, E

    Answer: (C) E, D, C, B, A

    Explanation

    The correct chronological order is: Edinburgh Review (1802), The Quarterly Review (1809), The Westminster Review (1824), The Spectator (1828), Fraser's Magazine (1830).

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96. Question 96

    Identify the statements which are true for Psychoanalytic Criticism.

    A. The premises and procedures were established by Sigmund Freud.

    B. Freud posited that artists are like neurotic patients.

    C. Freud posited that 'Psychoanalysis' can be used to account for many developments and practices in the history of civilization.

    D. A repressed wish does not become fantasy.

    E. Freud proposed that literature and other arts manifest the repressed subconscious and unconscious drives of the artist.

    1. AA, B and D only
    2. BA, B and C only
    3. CB, A and D only
    4. DA, B, C and E only

    Answer: (D) A, B, C and E only

    Explanation

    Freud established the premises of psychoanalysis

    A is True: Sigmund Freud established the foundational premises and procedures of psychoanalysis, which were later adapted for literary analysis.

    B is True: Freud posited that artists are similar to neurotic patients because both use imagination to escape unsatisfied desires. However, he argued that artists find a way back to reality by transforming their fantasies into art.

    C is True: Freud believed psychoanalysis could explain various cultural developments, including religion, morality, and social structures, beyond just individual pathology.

    E is True: A core tenet of this criticism is that literature and other arts are manifestations of the artist's repressed subconscious and unconscious drives

    ❌ D is False: In psychoanalytic theory, a repressed wish does typically manifest as a fantasy or dream. Freud viewed fantasy as a "fulfillment of a wish" that has been repressed due to social or moral constraints

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97. Question 97

    Identify the ones which are matched correctly.

    A. Barbara Christian: "The Race for Theory"

    B. Alfred W. Crosby: "Unhiding the Hidden"

    C. Paul Carter: "Naming Place"

    D. Graham Huggan: "Ecological Imperialism"

    E. Thomas B Macaulay: "Minutes on Indian Education"

    1. AA and B only
    2. BA, C and E only
    3. CC and D only
    4. DD and E only

    Answer: (B) A, C and E only

    Explanation

    Barbara Christian wrote 'The Race for Theory' (A is correct), Paul Carter wrote about 'Naming Place' in 'The Road to Botany Bay' (C is correct), and Thomas Macaulay wrote 'Minute on Indian Education' (E is correct). However, Alfred Crosby wrote 'Ecological Imperialism' (not 'Unhiding the Hidden'), and that work is by him, not Graham Huggan.

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