The complete UGC NET September 2022 question paper for Management, covering Paper 1 (General Aptitude) and Paper 2 (Management). Every question below is shown with its options and the correct answer, and a detailed explanation you can unlock by signing in. All 150 questions are free to practise.
| Exam | UGC NET September 2022 |
|---|---|
| Papers | Paper 1 (General Aptitude) and Paper 2 (Management) |
| Exam date(s) | September 30, 2022 |
| Shift(s) | Shift 2 |
| Paper 1 questions | 50 questions · 60 minutes · 100 marks |
| Paper 2 questions | 100 questions · 120 minutes · 200 marks |
| Total | 150 questions |
| Marking scheme | +2 per correct answer · No negative marking |
UGC NET September 2022 · Management sitting
50 questions with the answer key and explanations.
During the period from 2016 to 2021 what is the approximate percentage(%) of the total number of programmers who left the company w.r.t the total number of programmers who joined the Company?
The following table presents the number of employees recruited for five different positions of Administrators, Analysts, Programmers, Testers, and Peons (R) in an IT company and those who left (L) the company during the years 2016 - 2021. Based on the data in the table, answer the questions (Year of foundation of the Company is 2016):
Year-Wise Distribution of Employees
| Year | Administrators (R / L) | Analysts (R / L) | Programmers (R / L) | Testers (R / L) | Peons (R / L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 380 / — | 600 / — | 440 / — | 580 / — | 410 / — |
| 2017 | 140 / 60 | 136 / 60 | 128 / 52 | 100 / 50 | 92 / 48 |
| 2018 | 90 / 46 | 120 / 64 | 120 / 60 | 112 / 52 | 76 / 44 |
| 2019 | 74 / 44 | 118 / 48 | 104 / 50 | 124 / 48 | 98 / 40 |
| 2020 | 80 / 36 | 128 / 50 | 96 / 56 | 136 / 44 | 112 / 60 |
| 2021 | 96 / 48 | 144 / 56 | 124 / 72 | 130 / 46 | 100 / 52 |
Answer: (D) 29
Explanation
The total number of Peons working in the Company at the end of year 2020, is
The following table presents the number of employees recruited for five different positions of Administrators, Analysts, Programmers, Testers, and Peons (R) in an IT company and those who left (L) the company during the years 2016 - 2021. Based on the data in the table, answer the questions (Year of foundation of the Company is 2016):
Year-Wise Distribution of Employees
| Year | Administrators (R / L) | Analysts (R / L) | Programmers (R / L) | Testers (R / L) | Peons (R / L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 380 / — | 600 / — | 440 / — | 580 / — | 410 / — |
| 2017 | 140 / 60 | 136 / 60 | 128 / 52 | 100 / 50 | 92 / 48 |
| 2018 | 90 / 46 | 120 / 64 | 120 / 60 | 112 / 52 | 76 / 44 |
| 2019 | 74 / 44 | 118 / 48 | 104 / 50 | 124 / 48 | 98 / 40 |
| 2020 | 80 / 36 | 128 / 50 | 96 / 56 | 136 / 44 | 112 / 60 |
| 2021 | 96 / 48 | 144 / 56 | 124 / 72 | 130 / 46 | 100 / 52 |
Answer: (B) 596
Explanation
If M and N represent the number of Analysts and number of Testers recruited in the company during the years 2017 to 2021. Then M - N =
The following table presents the number of employees recruited for five different positions of Administrators, Analysts, Programmers, Testers, and Peons (R) in an IT company and those who left (L) the company during the years 2016 - 2021. Based on the data in the table, answer the questions (Year of foundation of the Company is 2016):
Year-Wise Distribution of Employees
| Year | Administrators (R / L) | Analysts (R / L) | Programmers (R / L) | Testers (R / L) | Peons (R / L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 380 / — | 600 / — | 440 / — | 580 / — | 410 / — |
| 2017 | 140 / 60 | 136 / 60 | 128 / 52 | 100 / 50 | 92 / 48 |
| 2018 | 90 / 46 | 120 / 64 | 120 / 60 | 112 / 52 | 76 / 44 |
| 2019 | 74 / 44 | 118 / 48 | 104 / 50 | 124 / 48 | 98 / 40 |
| 2020 | 80 / 36 | 128 / 50 | 96 / 56 | 136 / 44 | 112 / 60 |
| 2021 | 96 / 48 | 144 / 56 | 124 / 72 | 130 / 46 | 100 / 52 |
Accepted answers: (A) 64, (D) 44
Explanation
The pooled sum of the total number of employees working for all the five positions in the company at the end of the year 2018 is
The following table presents the number of employees recruited for five different positions of Administrators, Analysts, Programmers, Testers, and Peons (R) in an IT company and those who left (L) the company during the years 2016 - 2021. Based on the data in the table, answer the questions (Year of foundation of the Company is 2016):
Year-Wise Distribution of Employees
| Year | Administrators (R / L) | Analysts (R / L) | Programmers (R / L) | Testers (R / L) | Peons (R / L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 380 / — | 600 / — | 440 / — | 580 / — | 410 / — |
| 2017 | 140 / 60 | 136 / 60 | 128 / 52 | 100 / 50 | 92 / 48 |
| 2018 | 90 / 46 | 120 / 64 | 120 / 60 | 112 / 52 | 76 / 44 |
| 2019 | 74 / 44 | 118 / 48 | 104 / 50 | 124 / 48 | 98 / 40 |
| 2020 | 80 / 36 | 128 / 50 | 96 / 56 | 136 / 44 | 112 / 60 |
| 2021 | 96 / 48 | 144 / 56 | 124 / 72 | 130 / 46 | 100 / 52 |
Answer: (B) 2988
Explanation
The percentage increase in the number of employees working in the company in 2021 to that in 2016 was maximum for the position of
The following table presents the number of employees recruited for five different positions of Administrators, Analysts, Programmers, Testers, and Peons (R) in an IT company and those who left (L) the company during the years 2016 - 2021. Based on the data in the table, answer the questions (Year of foundation of the Company is 2016):
Year-Wise Distribution of Employees
| Year | Administrators (R / L) | Analysts (R / L) | Programmers (R / L) | Testers (R / L) | Peons (R / L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 380 / — | 600 / — | 440 / — | 580 / — | 410 / — |
| 2017 | 140 / 60 | 136 / 60 | 128 / 52 | 100 / 50 | 92 / 48 |
| 2018 | 90 / 46 | 120 / 64 | 120 / 60 | 112 / 52 | 76 / 44 |
| 2019 | 74 / 44 | 118 / 48 | 104 / 50 | 124 / 48 | 98 / 40 |
| 2020 | 80 / 36 | 128 / 50 | 96 / 56 | 136 / 44 | 112 / 60 |
| 2021 | 96 / 48 | 144 / 56 | 124 / 72 | 130 / 46 | 100 / 52 |
Accepted answers: (A) Administrator, (D) Tester
Explanation
Given two statements:
Assertion (A): High concentration of Nitric Oxide (NO) in soils makes them inhabitable to plants.
Reason (R): NO combines with soil water and forms nitrous and nitric acid which increases the soil acidity.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Accepted answers: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A), (D) (A) is false but (R) is true
Explanation
Match List I with List II:
| List - I (Fundamental factors) | List - II (Attributes of learning) |
|---|---|
| A. Drive | I. Reward |
| B. Cue | II. Motivation |
| C. Response | III. Stimulus |
| D. Reinforcement | IV. Action |
Answer: (B) (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
Explanation
In the context of vocational education, competency level 8 as per NSQF, is equivalent to:
Review flag: Source reads “Doctrate Degree” (apparent typo); preserved.
Answer: (D) Master Degree
Explanation
Who among the following was the first thinker in India to write on Spherical Trigonometry?
Answer: (A) Bhaskaracharya
Explanation
Which of the following approach does not come under cooperative learning?
Answer: (C) Demonstration
Explanation
Match List I with List II:
| List-I (Input Method) | List -II (Use) |
|---|---|
| A. Bar Code Reader | I. To input text from a printed document |
| B. Chip Reader | II. To input data from a bank cheque |
| C. MICR | III. To input data from a bank card |
| D. OCR | IV. To input data about a product at a POS (Point of Sale) |
Answer: (C) (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
Explanation
Which of the following universities in ancient India attained celebrity as the seat of both Brahmanical and Buddhist learning during the time of Siddha Nagarjuna?
Answer: (D) Sridhanya Katak
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Artificial Intelligence (AI) learns from changing circumstances, whereas virtual reality is an artificially created environment used to give a feeling of ‘being there’.
Statement II: QR, a type of more sophisticated barcode which uses a matrix of dark squares on a light background, stands for Quick Reaction.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Explanation
One of the factors that influence our feedback to the communicated message most is
Answer: (C) Receptor’s involvement
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Understanding the level of teaching and learning is based on the acquisition of factual information. to see relationships, to comprehend, to seek generalization, and their application in life.
Statement II: Reflective level of teaching and learning is based on the development of critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and creative thinking.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Review flag: Source contains unusual punctuation/wording in Statement I (“information. to see…”); preserved.
Answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Explanation
Match List I with List II:
| List - I (Committee) | List - II (Chairman) |
|---|---|
| A. Committee on Corporate Participation in Higher Education | I. Swaminathan |
| B. Calcutta University Commission | II. Michael Sadler |
| C. Committee on funding Central Universities | III. N.R. Narayanamurthy |
| D. Committee on Technical Education | IV. Justice K. Punnayya |
Answer: (C) (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
Explanation
'No one has ever succeeded to provide conclusive evidence for the claims of astrology. Therefore we must conclude that astrology is non-sense'. Which fallacy is committed in the above argument?
Answer: (B) Appeal to Ignorance
Explanation
Given two statements:
Assertion (A): The new system of digital communication has made the emergence of an interactive society possible.
Reason (R): The new system is based on 'digitized and networked integration of multiple communication modes'.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation
In a mixture of two types of oils A and B, the ratio of A : B is 3 :2. If the cost of oil A is Rs. 60 per litre and that of oil B is Rs. 120 per litre, then find the cost per litre of the resulting mixture.
Answer: (D) 84
Explanation
What is the full form of 'NROER'?
Answer: (B) National Repository of Open Educational Resources
Explanation
Which of the following statements are correct?
A. IP addresses are used to identify computers on the Internet.
B. Internet and WWW are two separate but related terms: Internet is a service on the WWW while WWW is the network infrastructure providing such service.
C. Large files such as videos which cannot be sent by e-mail as attachments, can be sent to another computer via FTP.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (B) A and C only
Explanation
The Likert scale is used to measure a set of
Answer: (C) Attitudes
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Qualitative research uses a static set of questions.
Statement II: In quantitative research, questions are standardized.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Explanation
Exploratory research is primarily intended to
Answer: (A) Gather preliminary information
Explanation
Which one of the following acronyms matches incorrectly with their full form?
Answer: (D) ISP - Internet Service Protocol
Explanation
"When I closed my eyes the cat was sitting on the table when I opened my eyes. I found it sitting on the chair therefore I can conclude that the cat must have moved from the table to the chair while my eyes were closed". According to classical Indian Philosophy which of the following means of knowledge is used in the above argument?
Answer: (D) Arthāpatti (Postulation)
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Halocarbons contribute significantly to global warming.
Statement II: Halocarbons also catalytically destroy stratospheric Ozone.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Explanation
The sequence of stages in experimental research is
A. Selection of the setting.
B. Operationalisation of variables.
C. Administration of the experiment.
D. Selection of the experimental design.
E. Analysis and interpretation of results.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) A, D, B, C, E
Explanation
If the population of a town decreases by 25% and 40% in two successive years, what shall be the decrease in the percentage of population after 2 years?
Answer: (B) 55%
Explanation
In how many years the compound interest on Rs. 10.000 at the rate of 10% will be Rs. 2.100?
Review flag: Source uses “Rs. 10.000” and “Rs. 2.100”; punctuation preserved.
Answer: (C) 2 years
Explanation
What is the average of first 6 multiples of 11?
Answer: (C) 38.5
Explanation
Find the missing term in the series given below:
8, 10, 7, 12, 5, 16, 3, ?
Answer: (B) 20
Explanation
In intra-personal communication, the medium that carries the messages is
Answer: (B) The central nervous system
Explanation
If the statement 'All children are innocent' is given as true, then which of the following statement can be inferred to be true?
Answer: (B) Some children are innocent.
Explanation
What are the benefits of the asynchronous mode of online learning?
A. Self-pacing
B. Immediate Feedback
C. Self-engagement
D. Flexibility
E. Presence of Teacher and student at the same time
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) A, C and D only
Explanation
What are the advantages of linear communication?
A. It is best suited for persuasion
B. It quickens the process of feedback
C. It facilitates a two-way exchange of information
D. It is extensively used in international propaganda
E. It provides demarcated results
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) A, D and E only
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Most of the emerging contaminants of water are Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs).
Statement II: Flame retardant additives, found in environments throughout the globe, are considered to be EDCs.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Relation of invariable concomitance is the relation between hetu and Sa̅dhya which requires no qualifying term or limitation (upadhi). e.g. wherever there is smoke there is fire.
Statement II: The relation of invariable concomitance is the relation between hetu and Paksa which requires a qualifying term or limitation (upadhi). e.g. wherever there is fire there is smoke.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: In a breeder reactor the amount of fissile material consumed is more than the amount of fissile material produced.
Statement II: In India Kalpakkam (Chennai) Nuclear Power Plant is an example of a breeder reactor.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Explanation
Which of the following statement is converse of the statement - "All academicians are visionaries"?
Answer: (A) Some visionaries are academicians.
Explanation
Which of the developments A-E given below have arisen because of the Internet?
A. Web logs
B. Databases
C. Wikis
D. DTP
E. Social networking sites
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) A, C and E only
Explanation
A literature review will have to answer the questions:
A. What area should not be investigated?
B. What type of research has been done in the area?
C. What research methods have been used?
D. What area has not been investigated?
E. What methods should not have been used in earlier studies?
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (B) B, C, D only
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Communication technology has made revisiting of ideas impossible.
Statement II: Technology has redefined the elements of time and distance in favour of communication managers.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Explanation
Given two statements:
Assertion (A): Oxygen-demanding wastes are substances that Oxidize in the receiving body of water.
Reason (R): As bacteria decompose these wastes, they release Oxygen into the water.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Review flag: Source contains “Reason (R):As… wastes. they…” and option d ends with “(A)”; preserved.
Answer: (C) (A) is true but (R) is false
Explanation
The focus areas of the New Education Policy are:
A. Establishment of community colleges
B. Setting up of skill missions in rural India
C. Institutional re-structuring in the educational sector
D. Imparting of holistic education
E. Transforming the regulatory system of higher education
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) C, D, E only
Explanation
What phenomenon marked the Indian independence?
Review flag: Passage source reads “help considerable power. with its access” and “putforth”; preserved.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
The formation of the Indian state runs in a parallel narrative with the formation of its elite. Indian independence marked the powerful role of the elite in establishing an agenda of modernisation driven by an instrumentalist notion of the state. The elite were constituted in the emerging national space of an independent India as the drivers of social change processes, bringing Indian society into modernisation. The elite not only comprised of political power brokers and private interests, but also of a middle class educated in English and employed in the private, state, and civil society sectors. The emergent professional middle class as a subject of the modern state help considerable power. with its access to primarily English-language education and opportunities for employment in both the private and public sectors. The state on one hand, developed an extended bureaucracy for running the state apparatus and on the other hand, gradually cultivated the market, creating employment opportunities for the middle classes and ensuring the participation of the middle classes in India's mixed economy. The participation of the middle classes in the Indian economy and in the cultivation of its imagination is a salient feature that plays out in the discursive arena. The success of the Indian state in this sense was intrinsically tied to the recrafting of an imagination of an independent India that, on one hand, putforth a narrative of the nation state and on the other hand, mobilised the market as a site for participation.
Answer: (C) Role of power elites
Explanation
The elites were expected to
Review flag: Same repeated passage source-level wording as Q46; preserved.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
The formation of the Indian state runs in a parallel narrative with the formation of its elite. Indian independence marked the powerful role of the elite in establishing an agenda of modernisation driven by an instrumentalist notion of the state. The elite were constituted in the emerging national space of an independent India as the drivers of social change processes, bringing Indian society into modernisation. The elite not only comprised of political power brokers and private interests, but also of a middle class educated in English and employed in the private, state, and civil society sectors. The emergent professional middle class as a subject of the modern state help considerable power. with its access to primarily English-language education and opportunities for employment in both the private and public sectors. The state on one hand, developed an extended bureaucracy for running the state apparatus and on the other hand, gradually cultivated the market, creating employment opportunities for the middle classes and ensuring the participation of the middle classes in India's mixed economy. The participation of the middle classes in the Indian economy and in the cultivation of its imagination is a salient feature that plays out in the discursive arena. The success of the Indian state in this sense was intrinsically tied to the recrafting of an imagination of an independent India that, on one hand, putforth a narrative of the nation state and on the other hand, mobilised the market as a site for participation.
Answer: (D) Change the society
Explanation
The passage describes
Review flag: Same repeated passage source-level wording as Q46; preserved.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
The formation of the Indian state runs in a parallel narrative with the formation of its elite. Indian independence marked the powerful role of the elite in establishing an agenda of modernisation driven by an instrumentalist notion of the state. The elite were constituted in the emerging national space of an independent India as the drivers of social change processes, bringing Indian society into modernisation. The elite not only comprised of political power brokers and private interests, but also of a middle class educated in English and employed in the private, state, and civil society sectors. The emergent professional middle class as a subject of the modern state help considerable power. with its access to primarily English-language education and opportunities for employment in both the private and public sectors. The state on one hand, developed an extended bureaucracy for running the state apparatus and on the other hand, gradually cultivated the market, creating employment opportunities for the middle classes and ensuring the participation of the middle classes in India's mixed economy. The participation of the middle classes in the Indian economy and in the cultivation of its imagination is a salient feature that plays out in the discursive arena. The success of the Indian state in this sense was intrinsically tied to the recrafting of an imagination of an independent India that, on one hand, putforth a narrative of the nation state and on the other hand, mobilised the market as a site for participation.
Answer: (B) The elitist imagination of combining nation state with market
Explanation
The middle class became powerful in India because of
Review flag: Same repeated passage source-level wording as Q46; preserved.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
The formation of the Indian state runs in a parallel narrative with the formation of its elite. Indian independence marked the powerful role of the elite in establishing an agenda of modernisation driven by an instrumentalist notion of the state. The elite were constituted in the emerging national space of an independent India as the drivers of social change processes, bringing Indian society into modernisation. The elite not only comprised of political power brokers and private interests, but also of a middle class educated in English and employed in the private, state, and civil society sectors. The emergent professional middle class as a subject of the modern state help considerable power. with its access to primarily English-language education and opportunities for employment in both the private and public sectors. The state on one hand, developed an extended bureaucracy for running the state apparatus and on the other hand, gradually cultivated the market, creating employment opportunities for the middle classes and ensuring the participation of the middle classes in India's mixed economy. The participation of the middle classes in the Indian economy and in the cultivation of its imagination is a salient feature that plays out in the discursive arena. The success of the Indian state in this sense was intrinsically tied to the recrafting of an imagination of an independent India that, on one hand, putforth a narrative of the nation state and on the other hand, mobilised the market as a site for participation.
Answer: (A) English-language education
Explanation
The state ensured the middle class participation in
Review flag: Same repeated passage source-level wording as Q46; preserved.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
The formation of the Indian state runs in a parallel narrative with the formation of its elite. Indian independence marked the powerful role of the elite in establishing an agenda of modernisation driven by an instrumentalist notion of the state. The elite were constituted in the emerging national space of an independent India as the drivers of social change processes, bringing Indian society into modernisation. The elite not only comprised of political power brokers and private interests, but also of a middle class educated in English and employed in the private, state, and civil society sectors. The emergent professional middle class as a subject of the modern state help considerable power. with its access to primarily English-language education and opportunities for employment in both the private and public sectors. The state on one hand, developed an extended bureaucracy for running the state apparatus and on the other hand, gradually cultivated the market, creating employment opportunities for the middle classes and ensuring the participation of the middle classes in India's mixed economy. The participation of the middle classes in the Indian economy and in the cultivation of its imagination is a salient feature that plays out in the discursive arena. The success of the Indian state in this sense was intrinsically tied to the recrafting of an imagination of an independent India that, on one hand, putforth a narrative of the nation state and on the other hand, mobilised the market as a site for participation.
Answer: (C) India's mixed economy
Explanation
100 questions with the answer key and explanations.
Which one of the following factors is not a factor in case of wide span of management?
Answer: (A) Fast changes in external and internal environment
Explanation
Which one of the following principles of management states that for a group of activity having the same objective, there should be one head and one plan?
Answer: (C) Unity of direction
Explanation
In which of the following situation (s), a competitive firm is advised to shut down operations temporarily?
Answer: (A) P < AVC
Explanation
Percentage of output lost for each one point reduction in the inflation rate is called
Answer: (C) Sacrifice ratio
Explanation
Which one of the following is a taxable perquisite?
Accepted answers: (B) Salary of servant employed by an employee, (D) Accommodation provided by the employer
Explanation
Which one of the following is the characteristic of organizational climate?
Answer: (D) This is an overall "feeling" that is conveyed by the physical layout and the way participants interact
Explanation
Which one of the following is organizational process-related job stress?
Answer: (A) Little performance feed back
Explanation
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a manager?
Answer: (A) Does the right thing
Explanation
According to the Economic Times study, which one of the following is India's best company to work for in 2021?
Answer: (B) DHL Express India Private Limited
Explanation
Which one of the following is the most significant factor according to the Dunlop Model of Industrial Relation?
Answer: (A) External forces
Explanation
Which one of the following is not an intramural function of trade unions?
Answer: (B) Extension of medical facilities during sickness and casualties
Explanation
Which one of the following is a disadvantage of MBO as a performance appraisal tool?
Answer: (B) Time-consuming
Explanation
Marston company sells a single product at a price of Rs.50 per unit, its fixed costs total Rs.15,000 and variable costs amount to Rs.20 per unit. If management reduces the sales price of this product by Rs. 5 per unit, the sales volume needed for the company to break even will:
Answer: (C) Increase by Rs. 2,000
Explanation
Nobel Laureate (2013) Robert Shiller advocates price earning ratio based on:
Answer: (D) Cyclically adjusted 10 years' earnings
Explanation
The traditional accounting practice of resolving uncertainty by choosing the solution that leads to the lower amount of income being recognized in the current accounting period is based on which of the following accounting principles?
Answer: (C) Conservatism
Explanation
If a company's current ratio declined in a year during which its quick ratio improved, which of the following is the most likely explanation?
Answer: (B) Inventory is declining
Explanation
Earnings per share of a company is Rs.5 and the rate of return required by its shareholders is 16 per cent. Assuming Gordon valuation model, what rate of return should be earned on investment to ensure that the market price of its share is Rs.50 and the dividend pay out is 40 per cent?
Answer: (A) 20 per cent
Explanation
In which of the following methods of capital budgeting, cash flows are reinvested at the cost of capital?
Answer: (B) Net Present Value (NPV)
Explanation
Which of the following is a pre-offer takeover defence employed by target companies in hostile takeovers?
Answer: (C) Poison pills
Explanation
In the absence of transactions costs, if a stock plots above the security market line (SML), it is:
Answer: (B) Underpriced
Explanation
Retailer cooperatives belong to which of the following distribution channel systems?
Answer: (A) Contractual
Explanation
Which of the following is the correct explanation of resource-based approach?
Source review note: Option A reproduces the source wording 'Internal sources ... internal forces' verbatim.
Answer: (A) Internal sources are more important for a firm than internal forces for competitive advantage
Explanation
A copier machine company provides better after sales service to its existing customer to improve its (company) and product image and increase sales of accessories and consumables. Above given statement is an example of:
Answer: (B) Stability strategy aimed at customer groups
Explanation
Concept of 'fit' is central to which of the following schools of thought on strategy formulation?
Accepted answers: (A) The positioning school, (D) The design school
Explanation
How often and how easily customers think of the brand under various purchase or consumption situations, is known as:
Answer: (A) brand salience
Explanation
Huge stores that combine supermarket, discount and warehouse retailing are called:
Answer: (C) Hyper market
Explanation
Central focus of which of the following models is five-stage consumer decision process?
Source review note: Source spells the model as 'Hovard-Sheth Model'; retained without correction.
Answer: (C) Engel-Kollat Blackwell model
Explanation
A salesperson who relies on creative methods for selling products and services is called:
Answer: (A) Demand creator
Explanation
Customers arrive at a reception counter at an average interval rate of 10 minutes and the receptionist takes an average of 6 minutes for one customer. The average queue length is:
Answer: (B) 9/10
Explanation
Which of the following is not an advantage of implementing a quality system that conform to ISO standards?
Answer: (D) Inefficient decision making
Explanation
A technique of building up a list or a sample of a special population by using an initial set of members as informants is called:
Answer: (C) Snowball sampling
Explanation
Which of the following is true for the coefficient of correlation?
Answer: (C) It is not dependent on both the change of scale and change of origin
Explanation
Which one of the following is not the disadvantage of international licensing?
Answer: (D) No detailed involvement with foreign customers
Explanation
Which one of the following is not the assumption of Theory of Absolute and Comparative advantage?
Answer: (C) There are transportation costs for shipping goods from one country to another
Explanation
Which one of the following factor does not influence the flow of FDI under Demand factors?
Answer: (C) Resource availability
Explanation
Which of the following constitutes Foreign Direct Investment?
Answer: (B) Indian energy company buying territory abroad where it expects to find oil reserve
Explanation
Diffusion of innovation theory is associated with:
Answer: (C) Everett Rogers
Explanation
Currently, the country with the highest level of entrepreneurial activity, represented by Global Entrepreneurship Index is:
Answer: (C) US
Explanation
The first and foremost important feature for a project to be successful is:
Answer: (C) It should have a market
Explanation
Which scheme on performance and credit rating has been launched by Union MSME Ministry to assess the credit worthiness and capabilities of industries in the sector?
Answer: (C) Performance and Credit Rating Scheme
Explanation
What are the problems commonly associated with the scientific management?
A. Managers often implement only the increased output part of the plan
B. Managers allow workers to share the benefit thus increased labour costs
C. Jobs become over-simplified and repetitive, often replaced by new technology
D. Workers feel comfortable due to job security and practiced work
E. Workers do not feel comfortable because of heavy pressure of work
Choose the correct answer from the options below:
Answer: (D) (A) and (C) only
Explanation
The assumptions of rational decision making are:
A. Preferences are not clear
B. Preferences are not constant and stable
C. Problem is clear and unambiguous
D. No time or cost constraint exist
E. Final choice will maximize pay off
Choose the correct answer from the options below:
Answer: (C) (C), (D), (E) only
Explanation
Efficacy of written communication depends upon:
A. Lengthy presentation
B. Editing after writing
C. Brevity in sentences
D. Use of strong words
E. Effective use of words
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options below:
Answer: (A) (B), (C) and (E) only
Explanation
An approach of managing international operations in which nationality is down-played and the firm actively searches on world-wide or regional basis for the best people to fill key positions, is known as:
A. Geocentric approach
B. Ethnocentric approach
C. Polycentric approach
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options below:
Answer: (B) (A) only
Explanation
Which of the following are the examples of need for status?
A. Being in a position of authority over others
B. Having executive privileges
C. Participating in pleasant social activities
D. Working for the right company in the right job
E. Living in the right neighbourhood
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options below:
Answer: (B) (B), (D), (E) only
Explanation
Talent management process include(s):
A. Human resource planning
B. Selection of employees
C. Development of employees
D. Employee compensation
E. Employee seperation
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options below:
Source review note: Source spells 'Employee seperation'; retained without correction.
Answer: (D) (A), (B), (C), (D) only
Explanation
Which of the following focus of OD interventions are relevant if the nature of intervention is structured?
A. Reorganization
B. Team development
C. Counselling
D. Work review
E. MBO
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options below:
Answer: (B) (A), (D), (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following technologies are fast changing the accounting ecosystems?
A. Blockchain technology
B. Enterprise Resource planning (ERP)
C. Cloud computing
D. Robotics
E. Machine learning
Choose the correct answer from the options below:
Answer: (D) (A), (C) and (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following are the underlying assumptions of cost-volume profit (CVP) analysis?
A. Number of units produced and sold are equal
B. Cost inputs and the output produced are linearly related
C. Sales price and sales mix remain constant
D. Zero base budgeting underly costs and pricing decisions
E. Total fixed costs and variable cost per unit are constant
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Source review note: Statement D reproduces the source wording 'Zero base budgeting underly costs and pricing decisions' verbatim.
Answer: (C) (A), (C), and (E) only
Explanation
While preparing a budget, which of the following activities enable managers to do a better job of managing:
A. Advance warning of and assignment of responsibility for conditions that require corrective action
B. Develop new policy to improve control of inventory management
C. Adjusting the budget to reflect different levels of sales or production
D. Coordination of activities among all departments within the organization
E. Creation of standards for evaluating performance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (A), (D) and (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following tests/ studies are related to testing of the weak form stock market efficiency?
A. Event studies
B. Size effect
C. Runs test
D. Price - Earnings (P/E) ratios
E. Autocorrelation tests
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) (C) and (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following are essential characteristics of financial markets?
A. Price continuity and depth
B. Liquidity and marketability
C. Normative governance and regulation
D. Timely and accurate information flow
E. Minimum transaction cost and informational efficiency
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) (A), (B), (D) and (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following statements are true in context of customer value and satisfaction concept?
A. Value perceptions increase with quality, service and price
B. Customer value triad is primarily a combination of quality, service and price
C. Marketing is the identification, creation, communication, delivery and monitoring of customers value
D. If the perceived performance of the product matches with perceived expectations, the customer is delighted
E. Satisfaction reflects a person's judgement of a product's perceived performance in relation to expectations
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (B), (C) and (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following statements characterise the growth phase of product life-cycle?
A. Build intensive distribution
B. Maximize profit while defending market share
C. Build awareness and interest in the mass market
D. Diversify brand and items models
E. Price to penetrate market
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (B) (A), (C) and (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following statements are true in the context of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) 2.0?
A. Customer interactions are not pre planned but happen in real time
B. Software as a service is the dominant CRM model particularly in small and medium-sized businesses
C. Customer data is typically stored on corporate servers only
D. Means available for analytics are only standard multivariate statistical procedures such as cluster analysis and logistic regression
E. CRM 2.0 uses massive amounts of structured and unstructured data
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (A), (B) and (E) only
Explanation
Penetration price strategy is followed under which of the following conditions?
A. Where there is a high degree of price elasticity of demand
B. When strong competition is expected soon after product introduction
C. When company wants to recoup its research and development expenditure
D. When company must keep demand within its production capacity
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (A) and (B) only
Explanation
Which of the following are the myths of brand communities?
A. Build the brand and the community will follow
B. Focus on opinion leaders to build a strong community
C. Brand communities exist to serve the business
D. Online social networks are the best way to build community
E. Social networks are one community tool, but the tool is not the strategy
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
Explanation
Which of the following statements are true?
A. A good measure of dispersion is not duly affected by extreme observations
B. Standard deviation incorporates the effect of extreme values thus making it most reliable measure of dispersion
C. Co-efficient of determination (R²) is always positive and less than one
D. Non parametric tests do not require us to make restrictive assumptions about shape of population distribution
E. Z-test can not be applied when population is normal
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) (A), (C), (D) only
Explanation
Indicate correct options of the following statements on data collection and questionnaire design:
A. In order to ensure sufficiency of data, the field questionnaire must be 10% above the required number
B. In structured interviews, interviewers attributes can significantly affect the respondent's replies
C. Presentation of closed-ended questions and the general layout constitute important considerations in preparing a self administrated questionnaire
D. In computer assisted data collection, degree of control over the interview process is high
E. Description of important terminologies/jargons helps to improve the efficiency of respondent in filling the questionnaire
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (B), (C), (D), (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following statement(s) are true in the context of quality standards?
A. KAIZEN approach deals with continuous improvement
B. BIS represents India in ISO
C. TQM cannot applied to crude oil refining
D. Six sigma allows 3.4 defects per one million cases
E. Statistical quality control applications are limited to manufacturing industries
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (A), (B), (D) only
Explanation
Business intelligence is to improve the timeliness and quality of the input for decision-making. It helps the managers to understand which of the following:
A. Internal capabilities of the organization
B. Trends and future directions in the markets
C. External environment such as economic, political, social and demographic environment
D. Behaviour of the competitors
E. External capabilities of the organization
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
Explanation
Data warehousing has various characteristics including:
A. Focuses on modelling and analysis of data relating to a specific area
B. Data warehouse is an integration of data from various systems like CRM system, SCM system, etc
C. The time variant for a data warehouse has a historical perspective for example, past 10-20 years
D. It is stored permanently i.e data once stored can not be updated
E. It is stored temporarily i.e data once stored can be updated
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (B) (A), (B), (D) only
Explanation
In regression model, assumptions of error term are:
A. Zero-mean assumption
B. Constant-variance assumption
C. Dependence assumption
D. Independence assumption
E. Normality assumption
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) (A), (B), (D), (E) only
Explanation
Reason(s) for sickness in small industries in India are:
A. Minimal use of artificial intelligence in business
B. Inability to cope up with large market size
C. Lack of innovation and technology focus
D. Direct and indirect competition from foreign players
E. Absence of regulatory support
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) (B), (C), (D) only
Explanation
Innovative small firms are more likely to be in existence in which of the following sectors?
A. Knowledge - based services
B. Biotechnology
C. Information technology
D. Automobiles
E. Cement
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (A), (C) only
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Management concepts and theories) | List-II (Description) |
|---|---|
| A. System theory | I. Customer oriented approach emphasizing human resources and quantitative methods to continuously improve |
| B. Contingency theory | II. Concerned with formal patterns of arrangements and relationship developed by management |
| C. Organization design | III. Based on open-systems theory and recognizes that there are many, internal and external factors that influence organizational behaviour |
| D. Total Quality Management | IV. All parts of an organization are interrelated and dependent on one another |
Answer: (A) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Big Five Personality Traits) | List-II (Descriptive characteristics) |
|---|---|
| A. Agreeableness | I. Assertive |
| B. Emotional stability | II. Imaginative |
| C. Extroversion | III. Trusting |
| D. Openness to experience | IV. Secure |
Answer: (B) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Life Cycle of an MNC) | List-II (Staffing approach) |
|---|---|
| A. Setting up the host unit | I. Polycentric approach is preferred |
| B. Establishing the technology team to begin core operational activities | II. Distinctly polycentric approach |
| C. Full blown operations of the host unit with significant role in establishing global objectives and targets | III. Distinctly polycentric approach; could get to geocentric approach |
| D. Strong operational leadership at the unit level while globally consolidating with parent company | IV. Usually an ethnocentric or a geocentric approach |
Answer: (B) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Costs and Financial Concepts) | List-II (Mechanism and Measures) |
|---|---|
| A. Financial leverage | I. Contribution margin ÷ EBIT |
| B. Contribution margin | II. (EBIT) ÷ (EBIT - interest) |
| C. Operating leverage | III. (Contribution margin) ÷ (EBIT - interest) |
| D. Combined leverage | IV. Sales - variable costs |
Answer: (D) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Characteristic based price factors) | List-II (Descriptions) |
|---|---|
| A. Volatility (VOL) | I. Captures deviations from linearity in the relationship between returns and firm size |
| B. Momentum (MOM) | II. Uses returns to firms outside the equity universe to account for risk dimensions not captured by the other risk factors |
| C. Size Non Linearity (SNL) | III. Differentiates between stocks with positive and negative excess returns in the recent past |
| D. Non Estimation Indicator (NEI) | IV. Captures both long term and short term dimensions of relative returns variability |
Answer: (B) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Company) | List-II (Nature of business) |
|---|---|
| A. Alliance air | I. Swiss travel group |
| B. Delhivery | II. Online travel company |
| C. Ixigo | III. State owned regional carrier |
| D. Kuoni | IV. New age logistic and supply chain start up |
Answer: (B) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Possible level of customer expectations) | List-II (Example) |
|---|---|
| A. Normative expectations | I. I expect this restaurant to serve me in an adequate manner |
| B. Acceptable expectations | II. I expect terrible service from this restaurant but came because price is low |
| C. Minimum trouble expectations | III. Most of the times this restaurant is very good, but when it gets busy the service is slow |
| D. Experience-based expectations | IV. As expensive as this restaurant is, it ought to have excellent food and service |
Answer: (C) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Symbol) | List-II (Process chart activity) |
|---|---|
| A. D (Delay shape) | I. Storage |
| B. → | II. Input |
| C. ▽ | III. Delay |
| D. □ | IV. Transport |
Answer: (D) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Trade concepts and terminology) | List-II (Description) |
|---|---|
| A. GATS | I. Extends multilateral rules and disciplines to service |
| B. TRIPS | II. The agreement requires compliance with the provisions of Bern convention of 1886 to which India is a signatory |
| C. TRIMS | III. Refers to certain conditions imposed by a government in respect of foreign investment in the country |
| D. MFN | IV. Prevents countries from discriminating among foreign suppliers of services |
Answer: (A) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
Explanation
Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I (Concepts) | List-II (Institution/Schemes) |
|---|---|
| A. Entrepreneurship and innovation | I. Atal Tinkering lab |
| B. Gaps in value chains | II. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana |
| C. Think Tank | III. Atal Innovation Mission |
| D. Machine learning | IV. Niti Aayog |
Answer: (D) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
Explanation
Arrange the following goods in the ascending order of the underlying income elasticity of demand.
A. Necessities
B. Inferior goods
C. Normal goods
D. Luxury goods
E. Giffen goods
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) (E), (B), (A), (C), (D)
Explanation
Arrange the following steps of organizational socialization in the proper sequence:
A. Select a good first supervisor to be incharge of socialization
B. Provide a challenging first job
C. Design a relaxed orientation program
D. Provide timely and consistent feed back
E. Provide relevant training
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (B), (E), (D), (A), (C)
Explanation
Arrange the given stages of process of organisational change in the correct sequence.
A. Information collection
B. Diagnosis
C. Motivation
D. Action proposal
E. Stabilization
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) (C), (B), (A), (D), (E)
Explanation
Arrange the following bond issues in increasing order of the underlying risk:
A. Convertible bonds
B. Callable bonds
C. Mortgage bonds
D. Unsecured bond
E. Junk bonds
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) (C), (B), (A), (D), (E)
Explanation
Arrange the following in the ascending order in terms of their equity market capitalisation:
A. India
B. United States (USA)
C. Hong Kong
D. Japan
E. China
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) (A), (C), (D), (E), (B)
Explanation
Arrange the following steps in the segmentation process in sequential order:
A. Determine which demographics, life styles and usage behaviour make the segment distinct and actionable
B. Create a 'value proposition' and product-price positioning strategy for each segment
C. Group customers into segments based on similar needs and benefits sought by them
D. Determine overall attractiveness of each segment based on some predetermined criteria
E. Create 'segment story board' to list the attractiveness of each segment's positioning strategy
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (B) (C), (A), (D), (B), (E)
Explanation
Arrange the following modes of entry in foreign market starting with the mode of entry having least commitment, risk, control and profit potential:
A. Company hires a local manufacturer to produce the product.
B. Company starts exports working through domestic export agents and exports management companies.
C. Company joins hands with local investor and forms a company in which both share ownership and control.
D. Company starts export using domestic export department and overseas sales branch.
E. Company offers a complete brand concept and operating system to an investor in return of certain fee.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) (B), (D), (A), (E), (C)
Explanation
What is the correct sequence of steps involved in the master production schedule preparation?
A. Obtaining the net requirement of materials
B. Revising the preliminary master production schedule to accommodate the inadequacy of materials
C. Obtaining the specification on required production
D. Assessing the inventory in hand and on order
E. Determining the gross requirements of materials using MRP
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) (C), (E), (D), (A), (B)
Explanation
The main processing functions of information system are given below. Arrange them in sequencing order:
A. Process transaction
B. Maintain master file
C. Process enquiry
D. Process report
E. Process interactive supper applications
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Source review note: Statement E reproduces the source wording 'Process interactive supper applications' verbatim.
Answer: (D) (A), (B), (D), (C), (E)
Explanation
The steps involved in development of a project are given below. Arrange them in proper sequence:
A. Selection of business idea for a detailed analysis from the competing ideas
B. Project installation and initiation
C. Feasibility analysis
D. Identification of investment opportunity
E. Arrangements for financing
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) (D), (A), (C), (E), (B)
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Employers use human resource management activities to help employees realize their full career potential.
Statement II: Employers do this just because they gain by making better utilization of employees potential.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Effective channel management calls for selecting intermediaries and training and motivating them in order to build long term partnership.
Statement II: Channel integration must recognize the distinctive strengths of online and offline selling and maximize their joint contributions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Explanation
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Interest coverage ratio indicates how many times fixed interest charges are earned, based on the earnings available to pay these expenses.
Statement II: One minus the reciprocal of interest coverage ratio indicates how far earnings could decline before it would be impossible to pay the interest charges from current earnings.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Explanation
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion (A): Sustained current account surplus encourages the government to liberalize imports and capital movements.
Reason (R): The current account and balance of payments positions of a country can significantly influence its economic policies.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion (A): Median is the middle most item in the set of numbers.
Reason (R): Mode is not unduly affected by extreme values.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation
Which of the following could be the most appropriate title of the passage?
Digital transformation has been a key theme of the Union Budget 2022 with announcements ranging from infrastructure status to data centers to taking fibre to all panchayats under the Bharatnet program. Introduction of a block chain based sovereign digital currency and setting up of 75 digital banking units, constitution of task force for animation, visual effects, gaming and comics (AVGC), launch of a digital university, digitalization of school education platforms and support for the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for large scale electronics manufacturing and IT hardware were also part of the overall focus.
Announced in 2015 with the goal of ushering in digitally driven transformation in governance, economy and society, it has already led to the launch of new schemes as well as the expansion of others like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the digital literacy program (PMGDISHA), e-hospital, Digilocker, Common Service Centers (CSCs) and the number of internet users has also grown to over 83 crores. It needs to ensure world class digital infrastructure including high speed broad-band connectivity and 5-G network, hyperscale data centers to make India a global hub for data centers and cloud. With increased focus on privacy, security and the need for storing data within the country, there are strong demand drivers in place for making investments in data centers attractive.
Whole govt. approach and creation of new public digital platforms in major domains such as education, health, agriculture and logistics need to undergo a paradigm shift. There also needs to be strong focus on standard interoperability and using common technology platforms such as Aadhaar, UPI, Singlesign-on to make the development of new applications easier and faster. Creation of a vibrant startup ecosystem in artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things holds the key to achieving trillion-dollar digital economy goal.
Further, there is an equally strong need to modernise digital laws in India to support growth of digital economy and address concerns on accountability of online platforms and increasing cyber security to create trust and confidence amongst the users in the online world, which is crucial for digital inclusion and to bring the remaining population into the digital world. A national policy on data governance is the need of hour so that access to data is made easier for research apart from a strong push for skilling and capacity building in digital technologies at all levels in partnership with the industry and academia to make India skill and talent capital of the world.
Answer: (B) Digital India: Way Ahead
Explanation
According to the passage, which one is the most crucial for the universalization of digital inclusion?
Digital transformation has been a key theme of the Union Budget 2022 with announcements ranging from infrastructure status to data centers to taking fibre to all panchayats under the Bharatnet program. Introduction of a block chain based sovereign digital currency and setting up of 75 digital banking units, constitution of task force for animation, visual effects, gaming and comics (AVGC), launch of a digital university, digitalization of school education platforms and support for the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for large scale electronics manufacturing and IT hardware were also part of the overall focus.
Announced in 2015 with the goal of ushering in digitally driven transformation in governance, economy and society, it has already led to the launch of new schemes as well as the expansion of others like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the digital literacy program (PMGDISHA), e-hospital, Digilocker, Common Service Centers (CSCs) and the number of internet users has also grown to over 83 crores. It needs to ensure world class digital infrastructure including high speed broad-band connectivity and 5-G network, hyperscale data centers to make India a global hub for data centers and cloud. With increased focus on privacy, security and the need for storing data within the country, there are strong demand drivers in place for making investments in data centers attractive.
Whole govt. approach and creation of new public digital platforms in major domains such as education, health, agriculture and logistics need to undergo a paradigm shift. There also needs to be strong focus on standard interoperability and using common technology platforms such as Aadhaar, UPI, Singlesign-on to make the development of new applications easier and faster. Creation of a vibrant startup ecosystem in artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things holds the key to achieving trillion-dollar digital economy goal.
Further, there is an equally strong need to modernise digital laws in India to support growth of digital economy and address concerns on accountability of online platforms and increasing cyber security to create trust and confidence amongst the users in the online world, which is crucial for digital inclusion and to bring the remaining population into the digital world. A national policy on data governance is the need of hour so that access to data is made easier for research apart from a strong push for skilling and capacity building in digital technologies at all levels in partnership with the industry and academia to make India skill and talent capital of the world.
Answer: (B) New Laws to promote accountability, cyber security and privacy
Explanation
Assertion (A): India needs to modernize its digital Laws to support the rapid growth of the digital economy.
Reason (R): New digital Laws are needed for digital inclusion and bringing more people to the digital world thus to increase digital users.
Choose the correct option:
Digital transformation has been a key theme of the Union Budget 2022 with announcements ranging from infrastructure status to data centers to taking fibre to all panchayats under the Bharatnet program. Introduction of a block chain based sovereign digital currency and setting up of 75 digital banking units, constitution of task force for animation, visual effects, gaming and comics (AVGC), launch of a digital university, digitalization of school education platforms and support for the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for large scale electronics manufacturing and IT hardware were also part of the overall focus.
Announced in 2015 with the goal of ushering in digitally driven transformation in governance, economy and society, it has already led to the launch of new schemes as well as the expansion of others like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the digital literacy program (PMGDISHA), e-hospital, Digilocker, Common Service Centers (CSCs) and the number of internet users has also grown to over 83 crores. It needs to ensure world class digital infrastructure including high speed broad-band connectivity and 5-G network, hyperscale data centers to make India a global hub for data centers and cloud. With increased focus on privacy, security and the need for storing data within the country, there are strong demand drivers in place for making investments in data centers attractive.
Whole govt. approach and creation of new public digital platforms in major domains such as education, health, agriculture and logistics need to undergo a paradigm shift. There also needs to be strong focus on standard interoperability and using common technology platforms such as Aadhaar, UPI, Singlesign-on to make the development of new applications easier and faster. Creation of a vibrant startup ecosystem in artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things holds the key to achieving trillion-dollar digital economy goal.
Further, there is an equally strong need to modernise digital laws in India to support growth of digital economy and address concerns on accountability of online platforms and increasing cyber security to create trust and confidence amongst the users in the online world, which is crucial for digital inclusion and to bring the remaining population into the digital world. A national policy on data governance is the need of hour so that access to data is made easier for research apart from a strong push for skilling and capacity building in digital technologies at all levels in partnership with the industry and academia to make India skill and talent capital of the world.
Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation
What has been the focus for digital transformation in the India Union Budget, 2022?
A. High speed broadband connectivity
B. Accountability of online platforms
C. Infrastructure status to data centres
D. Increasing data and intellectual property security
E. Task force for Animation, Visual effects, Gaming and Comics (AVGC)
Choose the correct option:
Digital transformation has been a key theme of the Union Budget 2022 with announcements ranging from infrastructure status to data centers to taking fibre to all panchayats under the Bharatnet program. Introduction of a block chain based sovereign digital currency and setting up of 75 digital banking units, constitution of task force for animation, visual effects, gaming and comics (AVGC), launch of a digital university, digitalization of school education platforms and support for the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for large scale electronics manufacturing and IT hardware were also part of the overall focus.
Announced in 2015 with the goal of ushering in digitally driven transformation in governance, economy and society, it has already led to the launch of new schemes as well as the expansion of others like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the digital literacy program (PMGDISHA), e-hospital, Digilocker, Common Service Centers (CSCs) and the number of internet users has also grown to over 83 crores. It needs to ensure world class digital infrastructure including high speed broad-band connectivity and 5-G network, hyperscale data centers to make India a global hub for data centers and cloud. With increased focus on privacy, security and the need for storing data within the country, there are strong demand drivers in place for making investments in data centers attractive.
Whole govt. approach and creation of new public digital platforms in major domains such as education, health, agriculture and logistics need to undergo a paradigm shift. There also needs to be strong focus on standard interoperability and using common technology platforms such as Aadhaar, UPI, Singlesign-on to make the development of new applications easier and faster. Creation of a vibrant startup ecosystem in artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things holds the key to achieving trillion-dollar digital economy goal.
Further, there is an equally strong need to modernise digital laws in India to support growth of digital economy and address concerns on accountability of online platforms and increasing cyber security to create trust and confidence amongst the users in the online world, which is crucial for digital inclusion and to bring the remaining population into the digital world. A national policy on data governance is the need of hour so that access to data is made easier for research apart from a strong push for skilling and capacity building in digital technologies at all levels in partnership with the industry and academia to make India skill and talent capital of the world.
Answer: (D) (C) and (E) only
Explanation
Which of the following initiatives have already initiated India's digital transformation process in governance, economy and society?
Digital transformation has been a key theme of the Union Budget 2022 with announcements ranging from infrastructure status to data centers to taking fibre to all panchayats under the Bharatnet program. Introduction of a block chain based sovereign digital currency and setting up of 75 digital banking units, constitution of task force for animation, visual effects, gaming and comics (AVGC), launch of a digital university, digitalization of school education platforms and support for the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for large scale electronics manufacturing and IT hardware were also part of the overall focus.
Announced in 2015 with the goal of ushering in digitally driven transformation in governance, economy and society, it has already led to the launch of new schemes as well as the expansion of others like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the digital literacy program (PMGDISHA), e-hospital, Digilocker, Common Service Centers (CSCs) and the number of internet users has also grown to over 83 crores. It needs to ensure world class digital infrastructure including high speed broad-band connectivity and 5-G network, hyperscale data centers to make India a global hub for data centers and cloud. With increased focus on privacy, security and the need for storing data within the country, there are strong demand drivers in place for making investments in data centers attractive.
Whole govt. approach and creation of new public digital platforms in major domains such as education, health, agriculture and logistics need to undergo a paradigm shift. There also needs to be strong focus on standard interoperability and using common technology platforms such as Aadhaar, UPI, Singlesign-on to make the development of new applications easier and faster. Creation of a vibrant startup ecosystem in artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things holds the key to achieving trillion-dollar digital economy goal.
Further, there is an equally strong need to modernise digital laws in India to support growth of digital economy and address concerns on accountability of online platforms and increasing cyber security to create trust and confidence amongst the users in the online world, which is crucial for digital inclusion and to bring the remaining population into the digital world. A national policy on data governance is the need of hour so that access to data is made easier for research apart from a strong push for skilling and capacity building in digital technologies at all levels in partnership with the industry and academia to make India skill and talent capital of the world.
Answer: (A) Aadhaar, UPI and Common Service Centers (CSCs)
Explanation
__________ is a combination of standardization and differentiation, where the core strategy remains same, but __________ is made to take into account specific customer group requirement.
ABG Global Ltd. is a large size cereal manufacturing company that markets its morning cereals products to various countries of the world. In order to cater to the local markets, the company makes small changes in its product like sweetness and flavours. The core product, branding and packaging are all standardised. The sales of products have witnessed an unexpected rise in various Asian markets including India in the past few years. In response to this growing demand, the company has pursued an aggressive strategy of marketing and producing its products by doubling its capacity. Last year, the company suffered a jolt, when its sales declined sharply. A careful analysis of market revealed that the market segment which adopted the company's product were upper-middle class representing families where both spouses are working. Initially it was glamorous to adopt cereals as alternative breakfast option. But, after certain time, they reverted back to traditional Indian breakfast. India, being a highly conventional market offers less scope for standardized global products. In a volatile demand structure wherein huge marketing efforts are required, inhouse doubling of production capacity can result in large unrecoverable investment, thus hinting towards alternative strategies. The CEO of the company is now laying emphasis on product positioning strategies. Replacing a full meal with a non-Indian food has a lower success rate calling for customization. As such brand equity may not work.
Answer: (D) Focus, differentiation
Explanation
A strategy aimed at reducing uncertainty faced by consumers when choosing products with unknown product quality is termed as
ABG Global Ltd. is a large size cereal manufacturing company that markets its morning cereals products to various countries of the world. In order to cater to the local markets, the company makes small changes in its product like sweetness and flavours. The core product, branding and packaging are all standardised. The sales of products have witnessed an unexpected rise in various Asian markets including India in the past few years. In response to this growing demand, the company has pursued an aggressive strategy of marketing and producing its products by doubling its capacity. Last year, the company suffered a jolt, when its sales declined sharply. A careful analysis of market revealed that the market segment which adopted the company's product were upper-middle class representing families where both spouses are working. Initially it was glamorous to adopt cereals as alternative breakfast option. But, after certain time, they reverted back to traditional Indian breakfast. India, being a highly conventional market offers less scope for standardized global products. In a volatile demand structure wherein huge marketing efforts are required, inhouse doubling of production capacity can result in large unrecoverable investment, thus hinting towards alternative strategies. The CEO of the company is now laying emphasis on product positioning strategies. Replacing a full meal with a non-Indian food has a lower success rate calling for customization. As such brand equity may not work.
Answer: (A) Standardization
Explanation
__________ is a set of consumers who evince interest in the marketer's offer
ABG Global Ltd. is a large size cereal manufacturing company that markets its morning cereals products to various countries of the world. In order to cater to the local markets, the company makes small changes in its product like sweetness and flavours. The core product, branding and packaging are all standardised. The sales of products have witnessed an unexpected rise in various Asian markets including India in the past few years. In response to this growing demand, the company has pursued an aggressive strategy of marketing and producing its products by doubling its capacity. Last year, the company suffered a jolt, when its sales declined sharply. A careful analysis of market revealed that the market segment which adopted the company's product were upper-middle class representing families where both spouses are working. Initially it was glamorous to adopt cereals as alternative breakfast option. But, after certain time, they reverted back to traditional Indian breakfast. India, being a highly conventional market offers less scope for standardized global products. In a volatile demand structure wherein huge marketing efforts are required, inhouse doubling of production capacity can result in large unrecoverable investment, thus hinting towards alternative strategies. The CEO of the company is now laying emphasis on product positioning strategies. Replacing a full meal with a non-Indian food has a lower success rate calling for customization. As such brand equity may not work.
Answer: (B) Potential market
Explanation
While expanding business to new markets, analysis of following is required as a first step:
ABG Global Ltd. is a large size cereal manufacturing company that markets its morning cereals products to various countries of the world. In order to cater to the local markets, the company makes small changes in its product like sweetness and flavours. The core product, branding and packaging are all standardised. The sales of products have witnessed an unexpected rise in various Asian markets including India in the past few years. In response to this growing demand, the company has pursued an aggressive strategy of marketing and producing its products by doubling its capacity. Last year, the company suffered a jolt, when its sales declined sharply. A careful analysis of market revealed that the market segment which adopted the company's product were upper-middle class representing families where both spouses are working. Initially it was glamorous to adopt cereals as alternative breakfast option. But, after certain time, they reverted back to traditional Indian breakfast. India, being a highly conventional market offers less scope for standardized global products. In a volatile demand structure wherein huge marketing efforts are required, inhouse doubling of production capacity can result in large unrecoverable investment, thus hinting towards alternative strategies. The CEO of the company is now laying emphasis on product positioning strategies. Replacing a full meal with a non-Indian food has a lower success rate calling for customization. As such brand equity may not work.
Answer: (B) Analysis of current market position
Explanation
In times of market uncertainties and low brand loyalties, the international firms should respond to spurt in demand for its products through:
ABG Global Ltd. is a large size cereal manufacturing company that markets its morning cereals products to various countries of the world. In order to cater to the local markets, the company makes small changes in its product like sweetness and flavours. The core product, branding and packaging are all standardised. The sales of products have witnessed an unexpected rise in various Asian markets including India in the past few years. In response to this growing demand, the company has pursued an aggressive strategy of marketing and producing its products by doubling its capacity. Last year, the company suffered a jolt, when its sales declined sharply. A careful analysis of market revealed that the market segment which adopted the company's product were upper-middle class representing families where both spouses are working. Initially it was glamorous to adopt cereals as alternative breakfast option. But, after certain time, they reverted back to traditional Indian breakfast. India, being a highly conventional market offers less scope for standardized global products. In a volatile demand structure wherein huge marketing efforts are required, inhouse doubling of production capacity can result in large unrecoverable investment, thus hinting towards alternative strategies. The CEO of the company is now laying emphasis on product positioning strategies. Replacing a full meal with a non-Indian food has a lower success rate calling for customization. As such brand equity may not work.
Answer: (C) Outsourcing
Explanation
Paper 1 had 50 questions and Paper 2 (Management) had 100 questions, for 150 in total across 3 hours.
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